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C.
(P.)
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Editorial
Board
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1
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Contents
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2-4
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Review
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IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF PSEUDOMONOSIS:
ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Gorodnitskaya N.I., Gabysheva L.N., Derkach S.A., Martynov A.V.
The review article presents a retrospective
analysis of attempts to develop effective vaccines for pseudomonas prophylaxis.
P. aeruginosa vaccine has been sought
for 40 years; however it is still not available. The increased understanding of
P. aeruginosa pathogenesis and its
virulence factors supported the recognition of potential immunogens and passive
immunotherapy that could be used for the development of an effective vaccine.
These immunogens are situated in structural components such as
lipolysaccharides, pili, flagella, outer membrane proteins or are part of
secreted products such as proteases, exotoxins and mucoid exopolysaccharides.
There have been significant advances in later years; nonetheless there is clear
need for additional basic research to further increase the understanding of
those elements of immune response to P.
aeruginosa. Recently, the antigenic drift of the P. aeruginosa actual strains has changed significantly, and no one
has studied such changes in Ukraine, despite the high mortality from
pseudomonas in the intensive care unit. The development of a multi-strain
vaccine based on the actual strains of P. Aeruginosa, in our opinion, can significantly reduce the
formation of nosocomial circulation of multidrug-resistant strains, and
contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality rates from nosocomial
pseudomonosis.
Keywords: pseudomonosis, vaccines, development,
protective properties
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5-15
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A STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF FOAM-WASHING
AGENT
SPECIMENS
AT
ACIDIC PH VALUES
Strilets O. P. , Petrovska L. S., Baranova I.I., Bespala Yu. O.
Introduction. It is well-known that any parapharmaceutical substance, in particular, foam-washing agents comprising water in combination with detergents, extracts, water-soluble vitamins, viscosity regulators, pH, etc., is the ideal environment for microbial growth. Therefore, it is indispensable to use
preservatives to protect any foam-washing agent from possible contamination by
microorganisms. The modern trend is to use multicomponent preserving agents.
Their main advantages are: presence of a single antimicrobial
and antifungal effect,
expanded range of effects, decrease in the risk of resistance of microorganisms and decrease in the toxicity and concentration of the preserving mixture. In this regard, the
shelf life of parapharmaceutical substances is not provided through the use of large quantities of preservatives, but thanks to their rational combination.
Materials and Methods. For this study, we have made a number of samples of foam washing bases with a number of preservatives, which
are often used in developing foam-washing agents with acidic pH
value, namely: sample number 1
– foam washing base + sodium benzoate; sample number 2 – foam washing base +
«Euxyl K300» (phenoxyethanol,
methylparaben, bulylparaben,
ethylparaben,
propylparaben, isobutylaraben); sample
number 3 – foam washing
base
+
«Germaben II» (polypropylene glycol, diazolium dinomovine, methylparaben, propylparaben); sample number 4
– foam washing base + «Nipaquard CMB»
(benzyl alcohol, triethylene glycol, chloromethylisothiazoline,
methylisothiazoline). The concentration of preservative in each sample was 0.1% (average concentration that is recommended for developing foam-washing agents).
The
antimicrobial activity of prototype gels was studied in vitro by diffusion in agar (“wells” method). The antimicrobial activity was measured immediately after sample preparation. All the studies were performed in aseptic conditions using a
laminar box (biological safety cabinet AS2-4E1 "Esco"
Indonesia). Results. According to the study, it was found that among the selected preservatives
“Nipaquard CMB” was just the most active. When studying the antimicrobial activity of foam-washing agent samples with different concentrations of the preservative “Nipaquard CMB”, it was found that namely the sample with the
concentration of “Nipaquard CMB” of 0,1% showed satisfactory results due to its
antimicrobial activity against all cultures such as bacteria and fungi. Conclusions. On
the basis of microbiological
studies it
has been
demonstrated
that all
the selected preservatives such as sodium benzoate,
“EuxylK300”, “Germaben II”
and
“Nipaquard CMB” at a concentration of 0.1% have
a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action andantimicrobial activity against all test strains used. We just
chose «NipaquardCMB» as a preservative at a concentration of 0.1% according to the results ofexperimental research, because it had the best results and a very high antimicrobial activity both against the bacterial cultures - Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pr. Vulgaris and in relation to the effect on fungal cultures
– Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis.
Keywords: biological researches, preservative, antimicrobial activity, foam- washing agent, ðÍ value.
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16-19
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN CLINICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL
MANAGEMENT OF NEWBORN PATIENTS WITH ROTAVIRUS INFECTION: RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Soloviov
S O., Kovaliuk O.V., Leleka M.V., Ivanov M.O., Dzyublyk I.V.
Aim. A retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of
pharmacotherapy of newborn patients with rotavirus infection using the
developed information technology. Materials and Methods. We proposed to evaluate therapy outcome based on
survival analysis approach. Since cohort of patients has two available states:
alive or dead, we proposed to use two states: hospitalized and discharged from
hospital. Therefore, therapy effectiveness was associated with durations os
stay in hospotal. For a certain cohort such effectiveness could be displayed as
probablity curve of stay in hospital, so a lower curve reflexes higher
intervention effectiveness. This could be graphically described as transmission
of patients in a cohort between two states: hospitalized and discharged
patients. Results.
This approach was based on the developed computer
program "Clinical and Pharmaceutical Management of Viral Infections"
and tested with the use of 85 medical records for newborn babies from 5 to 60
days of life born in the period from 2001 to 2002 and came from maternity hospitals
to the 1st and 2nd outbreaks of newborns and the intensive care unit of the
NHSL "OKHMATDIT" mainly in a difficult condition: with clinical
manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders, hypoxic or hypoxic-hemorrhagic
lesions of the central nervous system, hyperbaric ilirubinemia, respiratory
distress syndrome, etc. Analysis of medical records showed
that all hospitalized patients were examined for RVI by the presence of
rotavirus antigens in the clinical material (feces) by the indirect
hemagglutination reaction method, the most accessible and widespread at that
time in the laboratory. The principle of the method was that pretreated
formalin or tannin erythrocytes (more often human or sheep), on the surface of
which the specific antibodies are sorted, in the presence of a homologous
antigen form aggregates, manifested by the phenomenon of agglutination. Among
the patients studied proved positive 60 persons (70.6%), 32 of whom received
basic pathogenetic therapy. The analysis showed that the onset of
positive therapy outcomes for patients with RVI was longer, and therefore, it
is more likely to remain in the hospital for the first 1 to 20 days of the
disease. In a detailed analysis, both in all patients and only in patients with
RVI, it was noted that the severity of the leading symptoms at the end of
therapy was significantly reduced. However, the use of complex therapy with
α2b-interferon was characterized by faster reverse development of clinical
manifestations of the disease than in patients who did not receive interferon. In comparison, it was also investigated the use of smectites -
antidiarrheal agents of natural or synthetic origin with sorption properties.
The obtained results gave a confident ability to indicate their effectiveness,
which was determined by a significant decrease in the probability curve of
hospitalization days, both in the analysis of data of all patients and only in
patients with RVI. Conclusion. The retrospective analysis
using the developed IT showed that rectal application of recombinant
α2b-interferon and smectites in the complex therapy of RVI in newborns can
increase the clinical efficacy of therapy, namely, positively affect clinical
manifestations of the disease through more rapid elimination of a number of
symptoms. The results of the study prove that ICT based on pharmacoeconomic
modeling can become an effective tool for clinical and pharmaceutical
management of patients in a hospital, and is a reliable source for assessing
the recovery rate, which is necessary to support decision-making by the doctor
in choosing the optimal patient pharmacotherapy in real time.
Keywords: Information
technologies, clinical and pharmaceutical management, newborn, rotavirus
infection
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20-26
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COMPARATIVE
ASESSMENT OF BACTERIAL EXCRECTION DEGREE DEPENDING FROM SENSIVITY PROFILE OF
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS
Schevchenko
O.S., Hovardovska O.O.
One
of the important part of the epidemiological component of tuberculosis
pathomorphosis in modern conditions is the change in important biological
properties of the pathogen, not only in the form of increased frequency and
extension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance
to anti-tuberculosis drugs, but also changes in manifestations of vital
activity - virulence, massivity and growth rate of culture, etc. The study purpose was to determine the growth intensity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
depending on resistance to anti-tubercuosis drugs, to assess the bacterial excretions, to
compare the data of the phenotypic (Löwenstein-Jensen media) and genotypic
method (Xpert MTB/RIF), to carry out the correlation analysis of the results. Materials and methods: The results of the phenotypic and
genotypic tests of 148 samples have been analyzed. Group 1 included 52 samples
with susceptibility
of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs, group 2 - 38 samples
with monoresistance to isoniazid, group
3 - 58 samples with multi-drug resistance. The bacterial excretion was assessed
as: scanty - for single colonies, moderate - for 20 to 100 colonies, massive - for 100 and over. The standard assessment of positive genotypic
testing by quantities of DNA copies:
very small, small, moderate, great quantity. Correlation analysis has been made in SPPS
static program. Results: In the 1 group results the following
bacterial excretions have been noted: 30,7%- scanty, 28,8%-moderate, 40,3% massive. In the 2 group scanty bacterial excretion was
identified in 36,8%, moderate in 39,1%, massive in 23,6%. In the 3 group scanty
in 37,9%, moderate in 22,4% and massive bacterial excretion in 39,6%. In the
genotypic testing 15 negative results have been noted, which comprised 7,7% in 1 group, 15,8%, in 2
group, 8,6% in 3 group.Very small
quantity in 6,2%, 15,6%, 11,3%, Small in 27,1%, 28,1%, 28,3%, Medium
quantity in 42,1%, 34,4%, 26,4%, Great
quantity in 31,2%, 21,5%, 32,1% - in 1,
2, 3 group, respectively. Conclusions: Samples with different resistant strains demonstrated differs in phenotypic and genotypic features. Phenotypic
method gave the possibility to detect more than 10% cases with bacterial
excretion, that had negative genotypic test.
Correlation analysis showed a strong and significant correlation between the
indicated results, the Spirmen
correlation is 0.75, Kendall - 0.66, with the reliability level p˂0.01. Inclusion of the results of genotypic test
with information on the quantity of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis genetic material in a patient's sputum sample, and also on Mycobacteria
tuberculosis resistance, into the assessment of the tuberculosis infection
hotbed will enable improvement of epidemiological control.
Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis, MDR tuberculosis, Xpert
MTB/RIF, bacterial excrection, infection control.
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27-29
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
FREON EXTRACTS
FROM LIME FLOWERS CROPPED IN 2016 AND 2017 YEARS
Demyanenko D. V.,
Sichkar A. A., Karpenko L. A.
Introduction. The
article is devoted to gas-liquid-chromatography analysis of the freon extracts
taken from lime flowers cropped in 2016 and 2017 years.
It’s well-known that quantitative content of a sum of extractives or
active substances (and even their structure) can vary considerably in plants depending on harvesting place (and, hence, soils), harvest time, and,
especially, weather conditions. This is the
main reasons for difficulties in standardization of herbal drugs. Often they
are standardized by total extractives, for
some plant species there are no techniques of quantitative analysis at all in
pharmacopoeias, such an example is lime flowers. Recently, in 2007, 2008, 2009
we studied lipophilic fractions from lime flowers and found slight differences
in their quantitative and qualitative compositions. The main aim was to compare
chemical composition of volatile compounds in lipophilic freon extracts from
lime flowers considering that springs and beginning of summers in 2016 and 2017
was characterized by abnormal weather conditions. Materials and methods. The herbal raw
materials were lime flowers cropped from linden Tilia cordata within Kharkiv
region in 2016 and 2017, comminuted to particle size
0,5-2,0 mm. They were extracted with condensed difluorochloromethane (freon
R22) in two parallel connected percolators of the experimental equipment. The
extraction was two-stage at raw material : extracting solvent ratio 1:8 on each
stage under constant circulation of a liquid phase. The minimum pressure and
temperature were 12 atm and +30°Ñ accordingly,
maximum ones – 17 atm and +45°Ñ. Total exposure
of the process took about 2 hours on each stage. The extracts were dissolved in methylene
chloride to make 1,00 % solution which was entered into the front injector of
gas-chromato-mass-spectrograph «Agilent Technology 6890» (USA) including two
consequently connected columns: Agilent 19091S-433HP-5MS, filled with adsorbed
5 % Phenyl-Methyl-Silox, and Agilent 165-6626
USB369911A, and also mass selective detector 5973N.
The oven was programmed as follows: equilibration time – 0.5 min, temperature –
from 50°C to 250 °C with rate 4°C/min, then 30°C/min to 300 °C, maximum
temperature was 325°C, runtime – 51,667 min. Carrier gas was helium: in the
first column the flow rate - 1 ml/min under 14,313 psi, and in the second one –
3,8 ml/min at initial pressure 3,8 psi, and in the outlet vacuum was provided.
Transferring from gas-liquid chromatograph (GLC) to mass spectrometer occurred at 230°Ñ.
The detector and evaporator temperature was supported at 150°Ñ. Electron
ionization was spent at 70 eV in range of masses from m/z 29 to 450. Identification
of compounds was carried out by comparison of
the acquired mass spectra with the data of existing libraries (about 500000 substances).
Pentadecane was used as the internal standard. Quantitative content of each substance expressed
in percentage of total assay weight of the
sample was determined by areas of
corresponding peaks considering that 109 standard units of an area
corresponded to 0,002 mg of a substance in the assay. Besides, relative
percentage content of each substance in the assays was calculated. All solvents
and chemicals were of analytical grade. Chromatographic experiments were
reproduced in triplicate. Results and discussion. On the chromatograms
of the difluorochloromethane extracts from lime flowers cropped in 2016 and
2017 on the territory of Kharkiv region 80 and 68 volatile substances were
found accordingly. Most of them have retention times more than 35 minutes.
Samples of 2017 contained more volatile substances with shorter retention times
if compare with extracts obtained from 2016 crop. Total yield of the freon
extract in 2016 was 2,75 %, and in 2017 – 1,42 % recalculated on dry weight of raw materials studied. Prevailing chemical groups
of substances were aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids, also there were
alcohols and terpenoids in appreciable quantities. In
the sample of 2016 total quantitative contents of aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic alcohols
and terpenoids were approximately 3 times more in comparison with 2017. At the
same time, fatty acids, especially unsaturated, and also aldehydes and ketones
were found to be much less, and esters were absent at all in 2016 samples. The freon extract of lime flowers cropped in 2016 consisted of
14 substances which relative content exceeded
1 % with total contain 78,7 % of the whole assay, where the dominating
ones were: hexatriacontane - 18,73 %, n-hexadecanoic acid - 12,75 %, linoleic
alcohol - 10,68 %, 1-pentadecene - 10,57 %. The freon
extract of the raw material of 2017 crop included 13 substances with
total contain 84,14 % of the whole assay weight from which the prevailing ones
are: oleic, octadecanoic, hexadecanoic acids with concentrations 27,68 %, 15,02
% and 12,91 % respectively. Conclusions. The comparative analysis of the freon extracts from lime
flowers cropped in 2016 and 2017 years using method of gas-liquid
chromatography has been carried out. Basing on
results of gas-liquid chromatography it has
been established that the samples obtained
from raw materials of 2016 and 2017 years considerably differ in their
quantitative and qualitative characteristics
of essential oil fractions: the studied samples contained 80 and 68 compounds
accordingly, total percentage of dominating substances
was 78,66% and 84,14% of the assays weight respectively. Thus, weather
conditions which can change dramatically in spring from year to year in
Ukraine, especially in its Northeast part, strongly influence accumulation of
volatile compounds in lime flower.
Keywords: difluorochoromethane,
extraction, lime flower, gas-liquid chromatography.
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30-35
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STUDY
OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF "FUZIPAN-DERMA" GEL
Bayva
P. P., Baranova ². I., Streletz O. P., Ìàkarovà Î. E.
Introduction. Providing the
population with effective drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases of the
skin has an important medical and socio-economic significance. Antibiotic
resistance of pathogenic microorganisms can contribute to delaying the
pathological process, which is an acute problem not only in dermatology, but
also in other spheres of medicine. For the comprehensive treatment of infectious diseases of the skin
prescribed medicines for local use. Fusidic acid, which is included in the
experimental samples of the gel as an active ingredient, is a natural
antibiotic that detects a narrow spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Fusidic
acid is primarily active in staphylococcus, including those that are methicillin-resistant.
Thus, the use of gel with fusidic acid, which exhibits a pronounced
antimicrobial effect on the cells of purulent skin inflammations in acne [1, 2,
3] and used to treat complicated staphylococcus infections also [4, 5]. Materials and methods. Empirical, theoretical and experimental methods, analysis of professional scientific publications, antimicrobial researches and analysis of statistical data have been used. The subject of
the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of 4 experimental samples
of the drug "Fuzipan-derma", with different concentrations of the
active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), fusidic acid, in its composition [3, 6]
and gel-base without fusidic acid as a control. Results and discussion. The results of the studies allow to
characterize both the antimicrobial activity of the drug and the speed and
completeness of the release of antimicrobial substances from the base, since
the zones of growth impairment of microorganisms are formed due to the
diffusion of these substances into a dense nutrient medium. In the course of
research, one-day suspensions of bacterial microorganisms in a physiological
solution were used, and a two-day culture of a yeast-like fungus. The microbial
load was 107 microbial cells in 1 ml of nutrient medium. The
investigated samples No.1, No.2, No.3 does not show fungicidal activity against
yeast-like fungus Candida albicans ÀÒSÑ
885-653. Sample No.4 (base of gel) does not show antimicrobial activity in
relation to the used cultures of bacteria as well as to the fungus of the genus
Candida albicans. Samples (No.1,
No.2, No.3) exhibit high antimicrobial activity (the diameter of growth
impairment zones is 16-25 mm) to gram-positive bacterial cultures Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtiliss. It should be noted
that the most susceptible to the action of the samples containing fusidic acid
is the culture of Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 25293. With the increase in the concentration of API (fusidic acid) in the
gel, antibacterial activity increases: in relation to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293, the diameters of growth
impairment zones of the culture are: 25.6±0.5 mm (sample number 1), 33.8±0.4 mm
(sample number 2), 35.4±0.5 (sample number 3); to the culture of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228:
23.4±0.5, 29.6±0.5, 31.8±0.4 mm respectively 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%; to the
culture of Streptococcus pyogenes
ATCC 12344: 24.2±0.4, 31.6±0.531.6±0.5, 33.6±0.5, respectively, samples with a
concentration of fusidic acid of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%. In relation to the
gram-positive spore culture of Bacillus
subtilis ATCC 6633, gel samples showed activity at the level of 20.8±0.4,
23.6±0.5, 25.4±0.5, depending on the content of fusidic acid. The research
showed that gel samples with fusidic acid content of 3% had a higher
antimicrobial activity than 2.0% gel, but in order to minimize the risk of local
allergic reactions and reduce the resorptive action of the antibiotic and the
development of microbial resistance, it is advisable to select a sample of
fusidic acid of 2.0% as a sufficiently effective API concentration. Conclusions. For further studies for
development the technology of gel with fusidic acid for the treatment of acne,
it is advisable to select sample number 2 with a content of fusidic acid of
2.0%.
Keywords: antimicrobial
activity, biological researches, fusidic acid, dermatological medicines
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36-38
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