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C.
(P.)
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Ðåäàêö³éíà
ðàäà (Editorial
Board)
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1
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Çì³ñò
(Contents)
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2-24
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ÔÀÐÌÀÖ²ß
(PHARMACY)
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ÎÃËßÄÈ
(REVIEWS)
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INTESTINAL
VIROME AND NORMAL MICROFLORA OF HUMAN: FEATURES OF INTERACTION
Bobyr
V.V.,
Ponyatovsky
V.A.,
Djugikowa
E.M.,
Shyrobokov
V.P.
Summary:
Intestinal bacteria defend the host organism and narrow pathogenic
bacterial colonization. However, the microbiome effect to enteric
viruses is unexplored largely as well as role of microbiota in the
pathogenesis of viral infections in general. This review focuses
on precisely these issues. In this
review article, facts about viral persistence in the human gut are
summarized. It is described the role of viral populations during
health and diseases. After analyzing of the literary facts it was
concluded that the gastrointestinal tract is an environment for
one from the most complex microbial ecosystems, which requires of
more deeper study of its composition, role in physiological
processes, as well as the dynamics of changes under influence of
the environment.
Normal microflora performs a different important functions
providing the physiological homeostasis of the human body,
including, in particular, an important role in the human metabolic
processes, supporting of homeostasis, limiting of colonization by
infectious bacteria. The multifactorial significance of the normal
gastrointestinal microflora can be divided into immunological,
structural and metabolic functions. At the same time, interaction
between intestinal microflora and enteric viruses has not been
studied largely. In recent years, much attention is paid to study
of viruses-bacteria associations, and it is possible, obtained
results should change our understanding of microbiota role in the
systematic pathogenesis of the diseases with viral etiology. In
contrast to the well-known benefits of normal microflora to the
host, the viruses can use intestinal microflora as a trigger for
replication at the optimal region. Recent studies give a reason
for assumption that depletion of normal microflora with
antibiotics can determining the antiviral effect. Thus, the role
of commensal bacteria in viral transmission and pathogenesis is
clarified. Probably, bacterial microflora can implement the
protective role as well as be abettor of virus. However, an
understanding of interaction between microbiota and virus during
viral disease may initiate the introduction of new antiviral
strategies. Further research is needed to determining the features
of relationship between viruses and bacteria in the development of
infectious process, and analyze whether the viral and bacterial
agents form a symbiotic relationship in human body. This review
focuses on precisely these issues.
Keywords:
microbiome, virome, normal microflora, enteric viruses,
contagiousness.
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25-29
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èíòåãðàëüíàÿ
ìåòîäîëîãèß
è.è. ìÅ×ÍÈÊÎÂÀ È
ñîâðåìåííàÿ àäðåñíàÿ èììóíîêîððåêöèÿ ïðè ìèàñòåíèè
Êëèìîâà
Å.Ì., Äðîçäîâà Ë.À., Ëàâèíñêàÿ Å.Â., Áû÷åíêî Å.À.
Integrated
methodology
of I.I. MECHNIKOV And modern address immunocorrection at
myasthenia
Klimova
E.M., Drozdova L.A., Lavinskaya E.V., Bychenko E.A.
Introduction.
There is carried out reconstruction of the past in the field of
integrated discoveries of well-known scientist I.I. Mechnikov for
research of aspects of phagocytic function of immune cells and
infectious factors in etiology and pathogenesis of progressing
myasthenia. There are analyzed the leading factors which have
generated scientific outlook and integrated analytical methodology
of knowledge of I.I. Mechnikov – the native of the Kharkov
province, the graduate student of the Kharkov Imperial University
of 1864, the Nobel prize winner of 1908 for creation of the theory
of phagocytosis and the author of set of works in the field of
microbiology, immunology and virology. Material
& methods.
The work studied the mechanisms of disorder of various stages of
barrier phagocytic function of neutrophils and
frequency
of
occurrence and various
degree
of
expression of virus persistence at patients with myasthenia
is determined.
Phagocytosis
disturbance leads to uncontrollable development of infections at
myasthenia. Advance of muscular delicacy and morph-functional
disturbances in thymus, obviously, depend on the individual
mechanisms which affect various stages of immune disbalance. The
whole century has passed from the moment of creation of the
phagocytic theory. For this time all stages of this process have
been studied, methodical approaches are developed for an
estimation of specific features of this phenomenon, from light
microscopy to flowing cytofluorometry. Possibilities
of
light microscopy allow to visualize the stages of phagocytosis
from chemotaxis and adhesions to completeness of digestion by
neutrophils in dynamics. And Nitro Blue Tetrazolium Reduction Test
(NBTR) is used for an estimation of enzymatic activity of
phagocytes for initiation of formation of active forms of oxygen
at the phagosoma formation stage. The given method allows to
investigate stages of oxygen-dependent metabolism
of neutrophils. Along with these methods of estimation of
phagocytosis, which don’t always give the high-grade
information about functional condition of phagocyte leucocytes, it
is expedient to apply a fluorescent method with use of acridine
orange (AO). Results
& discussion.
Accruing digestion of yeast cells by lysosomic enzymes of
neutrophils destabilizes DNA
and
facilitates its denaturation with respective alteration of a
spectrum of a luminescence of yeast – red colour (λmax
= 640 nanometers). Undigested yeast keeps the native form of DNA,
that is green colour.
The
visual estimation of chemotaxis, adhesion and endocytosis has
allowed to estimate quantity of phagocyte
cells.
The phagocytic index was
up-to-date of referential values at M and ÌÒ. The minimum value of
endocytosis of neutrocytes was revealed in MG group. Insufficiency
of digesting ability of neutrophils can lead to negative
consequences, if neutrocytes migrate in various tissues of an
organism with undigested antigens. The
low digesting activity of granulocytic neutrophils has been
revealed at patients with ÌÒ (the yeast, which didn’t expose
digestion, kept
the
native form of DNA and, accordingly, they have green luminescence
of constant intensity and light-orange colour). Results
of immunofluorescence
correspond to data of visual observation of adhesion and
endocytosis of phagocyte
neutrophils
(the first methodical approach – light microscopy). The
low
intensity
of
formation of active forms of oxygen has been revealed in the
NBTR-test according to intensity of oxidation-reduction reactions.
The
low oxidising reserve of enzymes of neutrophils has been revealed
in induced NBTR-test
at MG because at this category of patients the spontaneous level
of oxidation was in 4 times more than induced one. High frequency
and antigenic virus load (CMV) has been revealed at patients with
ÌÒ, and maximum persistence VEB has been revealed at MG. Research
of presence and
processing of
antigens, functional oxygen-dependent activity
of
enzymes of neutrophils and completeness
of
phagocytosis has revealed
various
degree of disturbances of barrier function of phagocyte
cells,
and also change of the titer and frequencies of occurrence of
herpes viruses CMV and VEB at various clinical phenotypes of
myasthenia. Conclusion.
It is shown,
that degree of expression and frequency of occurrence of
persistence of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barra virus are
interconnected with defects of various stages of phagocytosis, its
completeness and activity of the intracellular enzymes which
participate in formation of active forms of oxygen, and intensity
of formation of monomers of DNA of the microorganisms which are
grasped by phagocytes. Disturbance of barrier function of immunity
at myasthenia is significant for a debut and disease advance. An
estimation of phagocytosis and virus persistence, as trigger
factor of myasthenia, is important for a choice of target therapy.
Use of evolutionary scientific methodology of I.I. Mechnikov in
the synthetic approach for diagnostics of trigger factors and
monitoring of stage of formations of pathological process allows
to prove individual medical-diagnostic algorithm for correction of
various clinical forms of autoimmune diseases. The approaches for
address therapy are proved at various clinical phenotypes of
myasthenia which includes carrying out of staged monoligand
therapy by peptides and enzymes. This therapy referred on
activation of intracellular enzymes of neutrophils at
incompleteness of phagocytosis, and application of the
immunoglobulins which are specific to herpes viruses.
Key
words: myasthenia,
barrier function, viral persistence, immunotherapy
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30-37
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ÒÀÊÒÈÊÀ
ÌÅÄÈÊÀÌÅÍÒÎÇÍÎÉ ÒÅÐÀÏÈÈ ÏÀÖÈÅÍÒÎÂ Ñ
ÁÎËÅÇÍÜÞ,
ÂÛÇÂÀÍÍÎÉ ÂÈÐÓÑÎÌ ÝÁÎËÀ
Áîíäàðåíêî
À.Â., Ãâîçäåöêàÿ Ì.Ã., Çîö ß.Â.
MANAGEMENT
OF THE PATIENTS WITH EBOLA VIRUS DESEASE
Bondarenko
A.V., Hvozdetska M.G., Zoc Ya.V.
The
largest in the history of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak
was recorded in 2014. There are 9976 lethal cases from 24282
infected people (data up to 8 March 2015) within a year from the
time of its announcement in West African countries. The
outbreak started in Guinea then spread to neighbouring Sierra
Leone and Liberia across land borders, to Senegal and Mali by
ground transportation, and to Nigeria, Spain, United States of
America and the United Kingdom by air transport.
If
in the previous years disease was the problem of endemic countries
in Central Africa nowadays it became
a major medical and social problem all over the world. The
effective licensed drugs for the treatment and prevention of the
disease does not currently exist, experimental drugs (ZMapp,
TKM-100802, AVI 7537 Sarepta, Favipiravir T705, BCX4430 Biocryst,
Brincidofovir, Nano Silver et al.) are extremely limited, and they
are still under investigation. Evidence their effectiveness is
suggestive, but not based on solid scientific data from clinical
trials. Safety is also unknown. There
is consensus that
the hyperimmune globulin or convalescent plasma containing high
titres of specific neutralizing antibodies to Ebola virus, which
leads to decrease the viral load in the blood, is considering to
use in an epidemic area
as a matter of priority.
Experience
has shown that the risk of EVD importation into Ukraine remains
high despite all preventive measures. Thereby health care
providers should be prepared to confront this problem and know how
to manage the
symptoms of the disease.
The
management of the patients with EVD mainly should be aimed to
early recognition of severe disease and its complications, in
combination with appropriate symptomatic therapy. Health care
workers should pay careful attention to standard precautions and
wear special protective clothing, including goggles, masks and
gloves while providing clinical care. Management of intoxication,
dehydration, bleeding and shock is a basic and is carried out by
common methods. Management of the pain syndrome and anxiety is
especially important too.
Ribavirin
is recommended for the treatment of the patients with Lassa fever
and CCHF and it does not apply to the Ebola and Marburg viruses.
In most cases, it is impossible to make the diagnosis based only
on epidemiological anamnesis and clinical symptoms due to the
absence in Ukraine of laboratory express diagnostics kits.
Ribavirin should be given empirically to all patients with
suspected EVD and other viral haemorrhagic fevers considering
difficulties of the differential diagnosis at early stage of
infection, especially in pregnant women, due to extremely high
maternal and fetal mortality associated with Lassa fever despite
on drug adverse effects.
All
patients should be screened for malaria considering common signs
of the EVD clinical manifestations and tropical malaria,
antiparasitic therapy should be given to those with a positive
result of the research.
The
intensive supportive care for EVD is the same time for the septic
shock due to bacterial infections and malaria. Intensive
supportive care is the only clinical management that can be
provided to these patients and may have a positive impact on
disease outcome. The treatment of the shock should be
comprehensive and aimed to maintain vital functions.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be given empirically during the
first hour of the shock therapy. Choice of antibiotics depends on
presence of signs of local infection, local disease patterns, and
availability of antibiotics.
Thus,
management of EVD should be based on a set of measures such as
clinical management, surveillance and contact tracing,
high-quality laboratory services, safe burial and social
mobilization.
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38-41
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ÐÎËÜ
̲ÊÐÎÔËÎÐÈ ÄÈÑÒÀËÜÍÈÕ Â²ÄIJ˲ ÊÈØÊÎÂÎÃÎ ÒÐÀÊÒÓ Â Ï²ÄÒÐÈÌÖ²
ÎÊÑÀËÀÒÍÎÃÎ ÃÎÌÅÎÑÒÀÇÓ
Îñîëîä÷åíêî Ò. Ï.,
Ëóê’ÿíåíêî Ò. Â., Àíäðåºâà ². Ä.,
Âîëÿíñüêèé Ä. Ë., Øòèêåð Ë. Ã., Êîçóáîâà Ã. Ì.
ROLE
OF THE MICROFLORA IN DISTAL INTESTINAL TRACT BY MAINTAINING
OXALATE HOMEOSTASIS
Osolodchenko
T.P., Lukyanenko T.V., Andreieva I.D., Volyanskiy D. L.,
Shtiker L. G., Kosubova H. M.
Human
intestinal microflora is part of the human body and performs
numerous function. Considerable research interest is in the field
of probiotics for the prevention of kidney stones, which is one of
the most common urological diseases.Urolithiasis is one of the
most common urological diseases. This is polyetiological disease
congenital and acquired character with complex physical and
chemical processes that occur not only in the urinary system, but
also the whole body. None of the treatments does not guarantee
full recovery of the patient and often leads to relapse. The open
methods of removal stones yield news minimally invasive the
technologys. Development of stone formation depends on the
presence of many factors, metabolic disorders, chronic urinary
tract infections, genetic disorders and more. Most have the
following metabolic disorders as hypercalciuria, hiperurikuria,
hipotsytraturia , hyperoxaluria and hipomahniuria. Among all types
of urolithiasis kaltsiyoksalatnyy ranked first in the prevalence
rate - about 75.0 - 85.0 % of cases. Dietary restriction by
oxalates ³s the unreliable method of preventing disease. Although
there is evidence for the growth inhibition normobiocenosis
representatives, which in turn enhances the absorption of salts of
oxalic acid oxalate in the application of sodium , magnesium and
cobalt in their intragastric administration. Recently published
many papers on the impact on the level of oxalate intestinal
microflora. The first publications appeared on the influence of
gram-negative obligate anaerobes O. formigenes
the concentration of oxalate in the urine. This anaerobic bacteria
living in the colon, its prevalence - 46.0 % - 77.0 % of the adult
population. O. formigenes reveals the symbiotic interaction
with the human body by reducing absorption of oxalate in the
intestinal cavity with subsequent decrease in their concentration
in plasma and urine. O. formigenes
has two key enzymes - oksalyl - koadecarboxylase and formyl -
koatransferase performing metabolic conversion of oxalate in the
cavity of the colon.The polymerase chain reaction has advantages
over previously adopted methods - culture and photometric in the
diagnosis of the presence of O.
formigenes.
The taking of antibiotics reduces of O.
formigenes
in the colon. The microorganism is resistant to amoxicillin,
ceftriaxone, vancomycin and is sensitive to ciprofloxacin,
clarithromycin, azitromitsyn, clindamycin, doxycycline, gentamicin
levofloxacin, tetracycline and metranidazol. In the metabolism of
oxalate involved and other microorganisms. There are studies that
prove the value of other taxonomic groups oxalate degradation: E.
coli, Lactobacillus spp.
There is the concept that the use of probiotics is capable of
degradation of oxalate in the gut and reducing their absorption in
the gastrointestinal tract. There is investigated microbiological
method for the treatment of urolithiasis and hyperoxaluria through
the use of probiotic O.
formigenes
(at the stage of clinical trials). This method is not traumatic,
it can be efficient, cost-effective and environmentally safe.
Implicitly that Lactobacillus
spp. and E. coli,
along with O.
formigenes,
are promising targets for further research and their application
in the field of biotechnological production. To improve the
efficiency and expanding the range of their application further
work in search and development of new probiotics , given the
requirements for food and pharmaceuticals that will effectively
dostato prevent or reduce the number of recurrent stone formation.
Keywords:
urolithiasis,
calcium oxalate, hyperoxaluria, probiotic,
Î. formigenes,
E. coli, Lactobacillus spp.
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42-46
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ÅÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒÀËÜͲ
ÐÎÁÎÒÈ
ÔÀÐÌÀÖ²ß
ÔÀÐÌÀÊÎÃÍÎDzß
(PHARMACOGNOSY)
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STUDY OF ORGANIC ACIDS
IN ALMOND LEAVES
Lenchyk
L. V., Samaneh Bayat,
Kyslychenko
V. S.
Introduction.
Almond (Amygdalus
communis)
is a stone fruit, from the Rosaceae
family, closest to the peach. It is spread throughout the entire
Mediterranean region and afterwards to the Southwestern USA,
Northern Africa, Turkey, Iran,
Australia and South Africa. It is sensitive to wet conditions, and
therefore is not grown in wet climates. Iran is located in the
semi-arid region of the world. Because of its special tolerance to
water stress, almond is one of the main agricultural products in
rainfed condition in Iran. Almond leaves have been
investigated for their phenolic content and antioxidant activity.
It was found that total antioxidant activity and phenolic
compounds exhibited variations according to season, plant organ
(leaf and stem) and variety. Analysis of previous research on
almonds focused on investigating compounds mostly in seeds and
phenolic compounds in leaves, but organic acids in leaves have not
been studied. Aim of this study was investigation of organic
acids in leaves of almond variety which is distributed in Razavi
Khorasan province of Iran. Materials
and Methods.
In
August 2012 almond leaves were collected in Iran, dried and
grinded. The
study of qualitative composition
and
quantitative
determination
of carboxylic acids in almond leaves
was
carried out by
gas
chromatography with
mass
spectrometric
detection.
For
determination organic acids content, to 50
mg
of
dried
plant material
in
2
ml
vial
internal
standard
(50
μg
of tridecane
in
hexane)
was added
and
filled
up
with
1.0 ml
of methylating
agent (14
% BCl3
in methanol, Supelco 3-3033). The
mixture
was
kept
in
a sealed
vial
during 8
hours at
65 °C.
At
this time
fatty
oil was fully
extracted,
and
hydrolyzed
into
its constituent
fatty
acids and
their
methylation
was done.
At
the same time
free
organic
and
phenolcarbonic
acids
were methylated
too. The
reaction
mixture
was
poured
from
the plant material
sediment
and
was
diluted with
1
ml
of distilled
water.
To extract
methyl
esters
of
fatty
acids
0.2
ml
dichloromethane
was filled
up,
gently
shaken
several
times
within
an hour
and
then
obtained
methyl
esters extract
was chromatographed.
Injection
of sample (2 μl) in a chromatographic column was carried out
splitless, which allowed introducing the sample without flow
division and significantly (10-20 time) increased sensitivity to
chromatography analysis. Content
of organic
acids
were
determined
on Agilent Technologies 6890 chromatograph with mass spectrometric
detector 5973; chromatography column - INNOWAX, capillary diam.
0.25 mm and a length of 30m; the rate of carrier gas (helium): 1.2
ml/min; heater temperature - 250°C; thermostat temperature was
programmed from 50 to 250 °C with a speed of 4 °C / min.
For components identification, library of mass spectra NIST05 and
WILEY 2007 with a total number of spectra more than 470,000 in
conjunction with AMDIS and NIST programs were used. The
statistical processing of results was carried out using package
Statistica
6.0.
The
error does not
exceed
5%. Results
and discussion.
32
organic
acids
were established in almond
leaves
and
their
quantitative
values were determined, using internal standard method.
Overall,
plant raw material contained 1.80%
of
the organic
acids,
including
(%)
–
0.75
fatty;
0.95
di-
and
three
carboxylic;
0.10
phenol
carboxylic acids. Among the
carboxylic
acids, oxalic
and malic
acid
were
the largest
with-
3616.41
(38.23%)
and 3343.03
(35.34%)
mg /
kg,
respectively.
Palmitic
and
linoleic
acids
dominated among the
fatty
acids,
their content was determined as (mg/kg)
2343.49 and 1963.60 that
were
30.98 %
and 25.96% respectively
of the total
fatty acids. Among phenol
carboxylic acids, the largest content was defined for benzoic
acid. It was 488.43
mg /
kg
or 50.16% of the total amount of phenol
carboxylic acids. Conclusion.
Almond
leaves were investigated by gas chromatography.
32
organic
acids
were
established
and
their
quantitative
value were determined.
It
was found that almond leaves contain 1.80%
of
the organic
acids,
including
(%)
–
0.75
fatty
acids;
0.95
di-
and
three
carboxylic
acids;
0.10
phenol
carboxylic acids. The
results of this study are significant for determining beneficial
compounds in almond leaves, so making use of these plant raw
material as source of new medicines in the future is possible.
Keywords:
àlmond,
leaves, gas chromatography, organic
acids.
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47-50
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PHYTOCHEMICAL
STUDY OF COSMETICS FOR HAIR COLORING
Pietrzyk
D., Paradowska K., Wawer I., Diakonova Ia.
Introduction
Henna-based
cosmetic products are becoming increasingly popular. They can be
used during pregnancy, lactation as well as for temporary
children’s tattoo. The aim of this work is to develop
quality control methods, allowing determining the naturalness of
the composition of hair coloring cosmetic products, as well as the
presence of lawsone and its quantitative content. Material
& methods
The researched objects were eight hair coloring cosmetic products.
The spectrophotometer UV-vis Evolution 60S was used in our
phytochemical studies. The quantitative content of chlorophyll a
and b
was determined in methanolic extracts by spectrophotometric
method, using the methodology proposed by K. Miazek. By using
well-known methods, methanolic and aqueous extracts were obtained
from the studied objects. The extracts, then, were purified to
obtain dry residues containing lawsone. Hair color pastes were
obtained according to the instructions on the packages of
researched products, and finally chloroform extracts were obtained
from these pastes.Quantitative
content of lawsone in methanolic and aqueous extracts and dry
residues after cleaning of the extracts were determined by the
spectrophotometric method. The wavelengths at which the solution
of lawsone gives absorption maxima were determined experimentally
on the basis of the spectra of the standard sample of lawsone
dissolved in methanol (methanolic extracts) and in water with the
addition of aqueous NaHCO3
(aqueous extracts).The quantitative content of polyphenolic
compounds in methanolic and aqueous extracts of the researched
objects in terms of gallic acid was performed by the
spectrophotometric method at the wavelength of 765 nm using the
technique of Folin - Ciocalteau. The gallic acid (by virtue of
absorbance dependence on concentration) was used as a standard
sample to construct the calibration graph. Results
& discussion The
total content of chlorophyll in the samples was determined by
spectrophotometric method. The resulting calculated ratio of
chlorophyll a
to chlorophyll b
for researched objects 1-8 was 1 - 2.35, 2 – 2.0, 3 –
4.05, 4 – 3.76, 5 – 4.29, 6 – 0.28, 7 –
0.21, 8– 0.19, respectively. However, the samples 1-5
contain substances of a plant origin.
Quantitative
content of lawsone in the methanolic extracts of samples 3, 4, 5
was 3.9, 4.5%, 5.9%, respectively, at the wavelength of 249 nm and
3.7%, 4.3%, 6.7%, respectively, at 275 nm. Quantitative content of
lawsone in aqueous extracts (without adding NaHCO3)
of samples 3, 4, 5 was 6.5%, 5.2%, 5.8%, respectively, and 9.2%,
8.6%, 7.9%, respectively, for aqueous extracts with the addition
of NaHCO3.
Quantitative content of lawsone in the dry residues after
extraction with methanol and subsequent purification in samples 3,
4, 5 was 3.9%, 1.7%, 3.5%, respectively. Quantitative content of
lawsone in the dry residues after water extraction and subsequent
treatment in samples did not change.
The
highest content of polyphenolic compounds (in mg/g) found in the
methanolic extracts of samples 8, 5, 4 and 3 was 83.3, 71.1, 65.2
and 59.3, respectively. The lowest content of polyphenolic
compounds was found in aqueous extracts with the addition of
NaHCO3
solution of researched objects 7 and 2, amounting 6.8 and 13.7,
respectively. Conclusions
. Based
on the ratio of chlorophylls a
and b
in the researched objects, it was concluded that the samples 1-5
contain components of plant origin. Spectra of aqueous extracts of
the samples cannot be used for qualitative determination of
lawsone, while the spectra of methanolic extracts can be used only
as an auxiliary means, because they do not provide a definite
answer. The measurement of the concentration of lawsone in the
aqueous and methanolic extracts by spectroscopic method does not
give plausible results, as these extracts (except lawsone) contain
substances that have their own absorption at the same wavelengths
as lawsone. This method can be used to quantify lawsone only after
purification of the extracts.The results of this phytochemical
study of cosmetics for hair coloring can be used to establish
quality control methods for this type of products.
Keywords:
lawsone, hair coloring, phytochemistry, spectrophotometric
method
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51-56
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ÑÓÄÎÂÀ
ÔÀÐÌÀÖ²ß (JUDICIAL
PHARMACY)
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ÀÍÀ˲Ç
ÀÑÎÐÒÈÌÅÍÒÓ Ë²ÊÀÐÑÜÊÈÕ ÇÀÑÎÁ²Â ÄËß ÔÀÐÌÀÊÎÊÎÐÅÊÖ²¯ ÀËÊÎÃÎËÜÍÎÃÎ
ÒÐÅÌÎÐÓ Â ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓв ÀÁÑÒÈÍÅÍÒÍÎÃÎ ÑÈÍÄÐÎÌÓ ÀËÊÎÃÎËÜÍί
ÇÀËÅÆÍÎÑÒ²
Øàïîâàëîâ
Â.Â. (ìîë.), Øàïîâàëîâà Â.Î.,Øàïîâàëîâ
Â.Â., Ñîñ³í ².Ê., Øóâåðà Î.Â.
ANALYSIS
OF THE RANGE OF MEDICINES FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL CORRECTION OF THE
ALCOHOL TREMOR IN THE STRUCTURE OF ABSTINENT ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
SYNDROME
Shapovalov
V.V. (Jr.), Shapovalova V.A., Shapovalov V.V., Sosin I.K., Shuvera
E.V.
Established
that the use of psychoactive substances may lead to premature
death. The most commonly used psychoactive substance is alcohol.
The authors had previously been justified and suggested for
implementation in the practice of medicine cupping method
alcoholic tremor in the structure of withdrawal symptoms in
alcohol dependence. The article presents an analysis of drugs for
the pharmaceutical correction of the alcoholic tremor in the
structure of withdrawal symptoms, which are included in the patent
of the pharmaceutical correction for the alcohol dependence.
According to the international ATC classification included 5 ATC
codes clinical and pharmacological groups: "A", "B",
"C», «N», «S». The analysis
found that in circulation in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine
for the pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence are mainly domestic
remedies (23 pharmaceutical manufacturer) that provide the range
of nosology at 88.0%. The next step in the analysis was to
determine the types of dosage forms used for the pharmacotherapy
of alcohol dependence. Found that the dosage means presented in
the form of injection solutions and infusion (36.0%), powders for
the preparation of solution (suspension) for ingestion (36.0%) in
the form of tablets or capsules (28.0%). At the last stage
analyzed registration certificates and found that the registration
for the medicines for pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence are
2015 four international nonproprietary names (8 drugs) until 2019
in 4 international nonproprietary names (11 drugs).
Keywords:
medicines, assortment, alcohol dependence, pharmaceutical
correction.
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57-64
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ÂÈÌÎÃÈ
ÄÎ ÇÁÅвÃÀÍÍß ² ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÓÂÀÍÍß Á²ÎÒÅÕÍÎËÎò×ÍÈÕ Ë²ÊÀÐÑÜÊÈÕ
ÇÀÑÎÁ²Â ÇòÄÍÎ Ç Ä²Þ×ÎÞ ÍÎÐÌÀÒÈÂÍÎÞ ÁÀÇÎÞ ÌÎÇ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ
Øóêàºâà
Î. Ï.
REQUIREMENTS
FOR STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL MEDICAL PRODUCTS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF MINISTRY OF PUBLIC
HEALTH OF UKRAINE AND DETECTION OF VIOLATIONS IN THE MEDICAL AND
PHARMACEUTICAL INSTITUTIONS
Shukaeva O.
Introduction.
The
rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry and the expansion
of the range of biotech drugs require special conditions to ensure
the quality, storage and transport through out the entire chain:
manufacturer - distributor - pharmacy - hospital - the patient.We
analyzed the current legislative frame work of Ministry of Public
Health of Ukraine and conducted a study to identify and analyze of
typical violations in the medical and pharmaceutical institutions.
The aim of the investigation was to investigate and analyze
inspection acts under storage and transport of biological medical
products and identify major violations during the performance
requirements for storage and transportation of drugs, level of
awareness about medical products which are requiring special
storage requirement. Methods:
systemic, logistical, structural, marketing, regulatory. Results
& discussion. According
to the data presented in the report «Assessing biosimilar
uptake
and
competition in European markets» of «IMS Health»,
sales of medical
products with biological nature
- biological medicinal products and biosymilyars
is about 27% of total sales of drugs in the EU. This segment of
the pharmaceutical market is characterized by faster growth
compared to the pharmaceutical marketas a whole. Thus, in
2012-2013 years sales
of biological medical
products
in the EU countries increased by 5.5% compared to 1.5% increase in
total sales of drugs. It is important that in Europe, according to
the 2013 preparations, the market share in value terms, with eight
to prepare biological products, the term of patent protection that
are either already expired or will expireby 2020, and therefore
they can be competitors with biosymilars.
In
creasing the number of medications on the market requires a
careful approach of
storing and preserving the quality of distribution during
throughout the life of the medical
products
in the chain: manufacturer - distributor - pharmacy - health
caresetting - patient. The percentage of major flaws in the system
supply thermally labile pharmaceutical products related to
violation of temperature regimes average 35 to 43%. Conclusion.
Assessing
the overall state of the organization, storage, transportation and
complying with the requirements of "cold chain" for
Ukraine should be noted that, despite some progress in this area a
lot of works to be performed at all levels of health care are
needed.Necessary to improve practices in the training of
personnel, development of modern refrigeration equipment and means
of objective control, organization of manufacturing andto provide
all the equipment manufacturing for enterprises, and public health
institutions and pharmacies. Need to review the functional
responsibilities of pharmaceutical workers in order to strengthen
the responsibility for dispensing of biotechnological medical
products.
Keywords:
biotech
drugs, regulatory documentation, storage, transportation.
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65-69
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ÒÅÕÍÎËÎòß
˲ʲÂ
(TECHNOLOGY OF DRUGS)
|
|
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ÐÎÇÐÎÁÊÀ ÑÊËÀÄÓ ²ÍÔÓDzÉÍÎÃÎ
ÏÐÅÏÀÐÀÒÓ ÍÀ ÎÑÍβ ÌÎÊÑÈÔËÎÊÑÀÖÈÍÓ
Àëìàêàåâà Ë.Ã., Áºãóíîâà
Í.Â., Íàóìåíîê Ë.Ã., Äîëÿ Â.Ã. , Àëìàêàåâ Ì.Ñ.
DEVELOPMENT
OF COMPOSITION OF INFUSION
MEDICATION
ON
BASIS OF MOXIFLOXACIN
Almakaeva
L.G.,
Begunova
N.V.,
Naumenok
L.G.
, Dolya
V.G
, Almakaev
Ì.S.
Application
of fluoroquinolones covers by experience of treatment more than
800 million patients, and presently they are one of basic classes
in the antimicrobial arsenal of practical medicine. Such
achievements became possible after the clear understanding of
intercommunication of structure and activity of molecules of this
class of antibiotics. This
knowledge became the basis for the synthesis of new derivatives
with a wide range, powerful activity and improved pharmacokinetic
profile for the best clinical outcome. Moxifloxacin
is 8-methoxyfluoroquinolon of wide spectrum which interacts mainly
with DNA gyrase of gram-negative and with topoisomerase of IV type
of gram-positive
bacteria.
He has the extended activity against gram-positive cocci, however
keeps activity against gram-negative bacteria. Moxifloxacin
also
has good activity against atypical respiratory pathogens
(Legionella of pneumophila, Chlamydia of pneumoniae and Mycoplasma
of pneumoniae). Another
his feature is high anti-anaerobic activity. Therefore development
of domestic medication with Moxifloxacin
- a fluoroquinolone 4 generations - is actual. Materials
and methods. Research
material was a substance of Moxifloxacin hydrochloride, produced
by firm «Sansh Biotech Pvt. Ltd.», India, a dosage
form on the basis of Moxifloxacin - solution for infusion.
Qqualitative
and quantitative control of samples of the drug were conducted on
parameters which characterize stability: ðÍ, content of active
substance, transparency, colour, related impurities, mechanical
inclusions on methods, which are described in SPhU. Results
and Discussion. Proposed
the drug is antibiotic of wide spectrum of action of
fluoroquinolone. Moxifloxacin hydrochloride is powder pale yellow
with slightly hygroscopic nature. He moderately dissolve in water
and methanol, poorly will dissolve in hydrochloric acid and
ethanol, and practically will not dissolve in an acetone and
toluene. ðÍ 0,2 % solution is in a range 3,9 – 4,6 . Active
substance enters in comparison drug in the concentration of 1,74
mg/ml or 0,174 %.
Thus,
solubility of it suffices for the receipt of water solution of
necessary concentration without fallouts of precipitation or
appearance of suspension and opalescence from insufficient
solubility. Also, is not the necessity of addition of auxiliary
substances - solubilizers for the increase of solubility. For
achievement of necessary level of osmolarity and isotonicity in
the complement of preparation was entered sodium chloride which is
classic used for these aims. Concentration of sodium o chloride as well as in medication analogue Avelox IV is determined
8 mg/ml.
By
us the optimum pH range was confirmed for solution of preparation
«Moxifloxacin 400 mg, solution for infusion in-bottle 250
ml» within the limits of 4,1-4,6. At preparation of solution
it is recommended to correct him pH addition of alkaline and acid
agents, indicated in composition, is 1Ì solution of hydrochloric
acid and 2 M sodium hydroxide. Conclusions. Rational
composition of infusion medication on the basis of Moxifloxacin
was theoretically grounded on the basis of study of literary
information and physical and chemical and technological properties
of substance of Moxifloxacin hydrochloride and experimentally
confirmed .
The
optimum the limit of ðÍ solution was defined for the receipt of
stable dosage form of solution for infusion on the basis of
Moxifloxacin. Results of this development are used during compile
of registration dossier of preparation, analytical and
technological normative documents on his production and control of
quality of intermediate products and prepared products.
Keywords:
Moxifloxacin,
pharmaceutical development, pH
range.
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70-73
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ÎÁÃÐÓÍÒÓÂÀÍÍß
ÒÅÌÏÅÐÀÒÓÐÍÎÃÎ ÐÅÆÈÌÓ ÂÈÃÎÒÎÂËÅÍÍß ÑÓÏÎÇÈÒÎв¯Â Ç Ã˲ÔÀÇÈÍÎÌ
Äìèòð³ºâñüêèé Ä.².,
Êóöàíÿí À.Ñ., Ãåðá³íà Í.À.
JUSTIFICATION
OF
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
FOR
PRODUCTION SUPPOSITORIES WITH GLIFAZIN
Dmitrievskiy
D.I.,
Kutsanyan A.S., Gerbina N.A.
The
intensive search for new anti-diabetic drugs, carried
out
in the National pharmaceutical university
in recent years led to the creation of complex drug "Glifazin"
on base
of which
the
composition and technology of suppositories with
hypoglycemic
effect
were developed.
Now
comprehensive
physicochemical and pharmacological study of the dosage form are
going on.
This
paper presents results of determining
the critical parameters of technology of
suppositories
witn
Glifazin
produced
by molding - temperature control of
homogenization and
molding
of
suppository mass. This mode, as shown in the work, grounded on the
analysis of rheological behavior of the system in the temperature
range in which it is the transition from the liquid state of
Newtonian type flow to the plastic-bound state of non-Newtonian
flow type. This interval for
suppository mass with
Glifazin
is in the range 45-60 ° C. Materials
and methods.
As
the
object of the study the
suppositories
with
Glifazin
0.1 g and polietylenoxide
base
on which they are prepared
were
taken.
The study of structural and mechanical (rheological) properties of
suppository
base and suppository mass were
performed on a rotary viscometer «Reotest-2" (Germany)
with coaxial cylinders and the temperature range 45-60 °C.
Determination of hardening
temperature,
resistance of
suppositories
to decay and their
dissolution
time were
measured
by methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Determination of
uniformity suppository mass was assessed by quantitative content
of
Glifazin
in selected samples by
using UV spectrophotometry method at 271 nm against
a standard sample of
Onozid. Results
and discussion. The
analysis of rheogram shows that the suppository mass with Glifazin
in the test temperature range has falseplastice type of flow. The
presence of hysteresis loops indicates that this system has
dispersed thixotropic properties. Thus, an increase in temperature
leads to a decrease in the area of the hysteresis loop and at 60
°C type flow close to Newton. Adding of Glifazin
into a suppository basis significantly changes its reoparameters -
increases structural viscosity and increases thixotropic
properties of system, due to the influence of the concentration of
solids in the system, resulting in reduced her mobility. So
important when justifying production technology suppositories is
an optimal temperature casting of suppository mass. Other
important technological factors whose influence was investigated
in this study were speed and time of mixing suppository mass. The
result of the research was the study of temperature, speed and
time of mixing of suppository mass that is moving but, because of
the structuring system started, the processes of sedimentation of
solid phase is not occurring, and suppositories prepared in all
respects comply with State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Conclusions.
1.
The structural and mechanical properties of suppository
poliethylenoxide bases and suppositories with vegetable substance
Glifazin
in the temperature range from 45 °C to 60° C were studied.
2. Influence of temperature, speed and time of mixing suppository
mass on the rheological properties and basic properties of
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing suppositories were studied. It is
shown that homogenization of suppository mass with the rotation
speed mixers 0.9 s-1 at 55 ° C for 1 h gives a suppository
that meet the requirements of SPU. 3. On the basis of the data
obtained reasonable basic technological parameters of
suppositories with Glifazin
were proposed: homogenization temperature (55 ° C) temperature
dosing (52-53 ° C), frequency (0.9 s-1) and the mixing time
(30-60 min ). The results of studies were used in the development
and standardization of technology rectal suppositories Glifazin
to treat diabetes type 2.
Keywords:
suppositories,
diabetes, Glifazin,
technology, temperature, rheology.
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74-79
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ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÀ
(MEDICINE)
²ÐÓÑÎËÎòß
(VIROLOGY)
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INFECTIOUS
MONONUCLEOSIS IN CHILDREN AND WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT
THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS
Olkhovska
O.M.
Introduction.
The beginning
of
this century
is
characterized by
an
epidemic
of
herpesvirus infections,
whose frequency and
spread
continue
to rise.
Infection
by
the herpes virus
group
occurs
mainly
during
the first five
years
of
life
and
leads
to
life-long
persistence.
Despite the similarity of clinical features of the syndrome of
infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by cytomegalovirus, human
herpes virus type 6 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), pathogenic
differences occurring in the body should be realized. Despite the
presence of specific antiviral drugs up to the date, scientists
haven’t managed
to reduce pathogen circulation in the human population and to
achieve absolute elimination of the virus from the body of an
infected person. Questions about the use of nonspecific antiviral
and «immunomodulatory» drugs against herpes virus
infections get a mixed response. The
purpose of the study was
to examine the efficacy of interferon in the treatment of children
with ²Ì. Materials
and methods.
At the Regional Children's Hospital of Infectious Diseases,
Kharkiv the comparison of the dynamics of clinical and laboratory
parameters of 102 children in the age 1-5 years with moderate
tonsillar-glandular form of IM was conducted. The diseases were
caused by EBV. The control group consisted of 58 children whose
treatment was performed in accordance with generally accepted
schemes of existing protocols for diagnosis and treatment of
infectious diseases in children. The main group contained 44
patients, which had a complex therapy with the combination of
recombinant interferon alpha-2 Viferon-Fearon at doses of 500 000
IU, 2 times a day during 5 days. Our choice of this particular
drug was due to the form of drug release - suppositories. In
addition, the product contains ascorbic acid and tocopherol
acetate, which are powerful antioxidants and membrane-stabilizing
factors. Results
and discussion.
In the majority of children the disease started acutely with
fever, symptoms of intoxication, tonsillitis (lacunar
tonsillitis), and the increase in size of submandibular and
cervical lymph nodes, difficulty in nasal breathing. At the same
time, 22 (21,6%) children had slow onset, which was characterized
by catarrhal symptoms and gradual rise in temperature. Serous
discharges from the nose, nasal congestion, dry cough that
gradually became moist, appearance of "snoring" during
sleep were the main catarral symptoms. An acute respiratory
disease was diagnosed for children at the first visit to the
pediatrician, and symptomatic therapy was used during three to
five days as a primary treatment. However, the fever persisted,
catarrhal manifestations and signs of intoxication intensified,
and parents started to pay attention on the neck lumps of.
Prolonged fever and swollen lymph nodes were a major cause of
hospitalization. Clinical examination of children, who proceeded
to the hospital, had revealed the symptoms of tonsillitis. But
membranes on the tonsils were found only in 10 patients; the other
patients had hyperaemia or "looseness" of the oropharynx
mucosa. The ultrasound of the abdomen was conducted for all
patients during the hospital stay, which showed an increase in the
size of the liver, signs of parenchymal reaction of liver. At the
same time, increasing the size of the spleen was observed in 67
patients (65,7%), and in 36 patients (35,3%) signs of
hepatosplenitis were found. An increase in aminotransferase levels
was found in biochemical analysis of liver samples in 21 children
(20,6%), but these figures decreased to physiological norms at the
time of discharge from the hospital. Despite the known
contraindications on the use of Ampicillin in the treatment for
IM, this drug was prescribed for 11 patients (10,8%) in the
outpatient basis, which led to appearance of immunocomplex rash
with the hemorrhagic component in 2 (1,9%) of them. In peripheral
blood leucocytosis (15,48±2,78*10^9 /L) and lymphocytosis (72,66±3,58%), monocytosis
(13,06±2,31%), accelerated ESR (18,96±3,22 mm/h)
were found. Only 57 children (55,9%) had abnormal blood
mononuclear cells (virocytes), whose number was not high and
reached 6,84±1,67%. Patients had thrombocytopenia to 155,49
± 13,22*10^9/L in 15 cases (14,7%) and anaemia in 19 (18,6%) patients. We
analyzed the efficiency of the use of the recombinant interferon
in complex treatment, based on a comparative analysis of the
dynamics of basic clinical and laboratory parameters of the two
groups of patients. Accelerated regression of clinical symptoms
and laboratory parameters was found in children, to whom complex
therapy with recombinant interferon alpha 2 (Viferon-Fearon) was
used. Significant differences in clinical parameters were found in
terms of normalization of body temperature (5,18 ± 1,12 vs
7,96 ± 0,77 days, p˂0,05), elimination of nasal
breathing difficulty (4,06 ± 0,98 vs 6 68 ± 0,82,
p˂0,05), reducing the size of the regional lymph nodes (4,98
± 1,11 vs 7,95 ± 0,87, p˂0,05) and liver (7,65
± 1, 16 vs 10,98 ± 1,15 days, p˂0,05). The
positive effect of interferon on peripheral blood caused an early
normalization of leukocytes and ESR, the last one occurred
significantly faster (7,19 ± 1,06 vs 10,42 ± 1,17
days, p˂0,05). The duration of treatment of the main group in
hospital was 9,02 ± 1,21 days while the treatment of the
control group lasted 12,84 ± 1,43 days, p˂0,05.
Prescription of Viferon made it possible to shorten the hospital
stays of patients in approximately 3-4 days. Conclusions.
Thus, one of the most perspective ways to improve the treatment
for EBV IM in children is the use of recombinant interferon
alpha-2. In addition to positive effects on the clinical course of
the disease, the advisability of appointing this drug is due to
its probability of development IM in young children alike to
respiratory infections. Prescribing Viferon
in
first hours of the appearing of catarrhal symptoms in children is
appropriate, regardless of the results of further definition of
the ethology of the disease, because there are many studies that
prove the efficacy of interferon for acute respiratory viral
infections in children also.
|
80-83
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ÓÄÎÑÊÎÍÀËÅÍÍß ÒÅÐÀϲ¯
ÕÂÎÐÈÕ ÍÀ ÃÎÑÒв ÐÅÑϲÐÀÒÎÐͲ ²ÐÓÑͲ ²ÍÔÅÊÖ²¯
Êîï÷à Â.Ñ., Êîï÷à Þ.Â.
ADVANCEMENT
IN MEDICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL
INFECTIONS
Kopcha V.S., Kopcha Yu.V.
Introduction.
Acute respiratory viral infections are the special group of
diseases, which in the structure of infectious pathology firmly
occupies one of leading places. The problem of morbidity belongs
to the number of leading medical problems not only in Ukraine but
also in the whole world. In addition, there is a greater risk of
epidemic flashes of acute respiratory infections in the conditions
of megapolis with the expressed processes of migration and
accumulation of people. Purpose of test – to promote
efficiency of patients treatment with acute respiratory viral
infections by complex application of preparation «Extralact»
on a background traditional (base) therapy without the use of
other antiviral preparations, thoroughly to probe influence on
clinical motion of the indicated illnesses, endogenous
intoxication and immune status of organism. Patients
& methods.
Under a supervision was 60 patients (22 men and 38 women) of young
and middle age (hesitated from 18 to 58), which treated oneself
concerning ARVI. Determined the indexes of Extralact efficiency:
general duration of disease; frequency of development of
complications; dynamics of clinical displays; dynamics of
laboratory indexes, indexes of endogenous intoxication, and
immunological indexes. Patients were randomised on 2 groups: a I
group (30 persons – 50,0 %) got treatment of base therapy
preparations; the II group (30 patients – 50,0 %) on a
background base therapy got preparation «Extralact»
for 2 capsules 3 times per days during 5 days. Results
& discussion.
Based on the examination of 60 patients with ARVI established
following. Addition of base therapy of such patients of extralact
in a dose 2 caps. 3 times daily during 5 days was accompanied
by a significant advantage compared with only basic therapy on
several grounds: the greater the number of patients advancing
recovery up to 7 days, most regressed cough, relatively less there
were complications. After 5 days of extralact application WBC and
relative content of stab neutrophils and lymphocytes is
normalized, increased leukocyte index of intoxication, approaching
normal values, significantly increases the index shift of
leukocytes, significantly reduced lymphocytic index closer to
normal. This treatment also provides reduction of immunological
disorders detected before treatment. Thus, the statistical weight
increases the number of white blood cells and normal lymphocytes,
maintained at normal levels of IgA and lysozyme concentrations and
normal or even increased levels of IFN-α and IFN-γ. On
background application of extralact in a therapeutic dose
by-reactions did not arise up.
Key
words: ARVI,
treatment, extralact.
|
84-90
|
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ØËßÕÈ
ÓÄÎÑÊÎÍÀËÅÍÍß ÏÐÎÔ²ËÀÊÒÈÊÈ Â²ÒÐßÍί ²ÑÏÈ ÑÅÐÅÄ ÄÈÒß×ÎÃÎ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÍß
ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ Â ÑÓ×ÀÑÍÈÕ ÓÌÎÂÀÕ
ʳðñàíîâà Ò.Î.
WAYS
TO IMPROVE PREVENTION OF CHICKENPOX AT CHILDREN OF UKRAINE IN
MODERN CONDITION
Kirsanova
T.O.
Introduction.
Chickenpox (CP) in recent years has tended to steady increase in
the incidence of various regions of Ukraine, especially among
children. The situation regarding the incidence of PA nowadays,
especially among children, determines the relevance of infection
and requires the solution of problems in finding the most
effective ways to prevent the population of Ukraine against CP. Purpose:
to theoretically justify the introduction of the National
vaccination calendar of Ukraine vaccine against CP based on the
study of modern epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical
features of CP in children of Kharkiv region of Ukraine. Materials
and methods.
The analysis of statistical data on the incidence of PA in Kharkiv
region and 2780 data from case histories of children aged one
month PA-18, admitted to the Kharkiv Regional Hospital of
Pediatric Infectious Diseases in the last five years. The
diagnosis is established on the basis of characteristic clinical
manifestations. Results
and discussion.
During the period 2010-2014 epidemiological curve morbidity in
children with CP has tended to rise with maximum performance in
2011, prevailed among patients, children who lived in the city.
The largest recorded incidence in children under 15 years old, had
a tendency to increase the proportion of high school age children.
Among dominated diseased children attending organized children's
groups (kindergartens, schools), including more than a third part
of patients lived in closed children's institutions (orphanages,
boarding schools, etc.). Clear seasonal disease was traced to the
rise of the autumn-winter period. Monitoring the number of
children with CP, admitted to hospital, also showed growth in
their numbers. The reason for hospitalization were: pronounced
intoxication syndrome, abundant rash on skin and mucous membranes,
complicated disease, epidemiological indications. The most
affected age groups were children 1-10 years. The disease ran
mostly in moderately severe and severe forms. Analysis of clinical
data showed that almost all children with acute illness began with
symptoms of intoxication, temperature up to 38,0-40 C,
headache, some children had vomiting. Rash appeared mostly often
by the end of the second day. Items were rash as spots 1-3 mm in
diameter, round, pink with sharp edges. Subsequently, they were
transformed into papules, vesicles, crusts, which were located on
non-infiltrated background skin, usually separately without a
tendency to merge. New elements of rash appear after 1-2 days and
accompanied by fever. Almost half part of children forming
vesicles recorded in the mucous membranes of the mouth, genitals
and conjunctiva during 4-5 days. In hemogramma of patients
revealed leukopenia, lymphocytosis. A quarter of children with CP
occurred complications that are most often developed for
third-eighth day of the appearance of lesions regardless of
severity of clinical manifestations of the disease. The structure
dominated by non-specific complications of skin lesions with the
development of inflammatory diseases streptococcal and
staphylococcal etiology. The structure of specific complications
observed CNS with the development of meningitis, encephalitis and
meningoencephalitis. Conclusions.
Over the past five years in the Kharkiv region incidence of
children with CP remains high with the major indices among
children under 15 years. The most vulnerable are children with
organized groups (especially closed children's institutions)
residing in the city. There has stable tendency to increasing
number of complications, particularly specific. High incidence,
frequency and severity of complications dictate the need for
mandatory vaccination against CP in children. First of all, in our
view, it is necessary to consider compulsory vaccination of
children from child care centers closed, and may in the future
enter into the National calendar of vaccination of healthy
children Ukraine. The use of mandatory vaccination of children
against CP will significantly reduce the number of cases of
children; reduce the number of complications and economic costs of
treatment and rehabilitation of these patients.
Keywords:
chickenpox,
epidemiology, prevention
|
91-94
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ÎÖ²ÍÊÀ
ÏÎÐÓØÅÍÜ ÂÓÃËÅÂÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÎÁ̲ÍÓ Ó
²Ë-²ÍÔ²ÊÎÂÀÍÈÕ ÎѲÁ, ÕÂÎÐÈÕ ÍÀ ÕÃÑ ² ÊÎ-²ÍÔÅÊÖ²Þ Â²Ë/ÕÃÑ
Þðêî Ê.Â.
ASSESSMENT
OF
CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM
DISORDER
IN
HIV-INFECTED PERSONS,
PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND CO-INFECTION HIV/HCV
Iurko
K.V.
Introduction.
Hepatitis
C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are
characterized by their wide distribution and ability to cause
health disorders of the working population, thus causing
significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ukraine - one of
the countries of Europe, leads the sad rating of the number of
identified HIV positive and AIDS cases and deaths from the
disease. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is observed in 60-70% of
HIV-infected individuals, due to the common modes of transmission
of viruses. Co-infection with HIV/HCV is an important public
health problem, since viruses, acting synergistically accelerate
the progression of liver disease. HIV accelerates the progression
of chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,
thus increases "liver" mortality. This
article discussed the state of
carbohydrate
metabolism
in HIV-infected
persons, patients
with chronic hepatitis C and
patients
co-infected with HIV/HCV. Material
& methods.
The content of carbohydrate
metabolism was determined in
107
patients: with chronic hepatitis C - 36 patients,
with HIV infection - 35 and co-infection with HIV/HCV – 36
patients. Results.
In the investigated patients identified carbohydrate metabolism
disorders
as
an increase in serum glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin,
level of insulin resistance. Glucose
in patients of all groups was significantlly higher than in
control subjects. For example, in HIV-infected persons, it was
(5,16±0,11 mmol/l) in patients with chronic hepatitis C -
5,35±0,15 mmol/l, and in patients co-infected with HIV/HCV
– 5,95±0,15
mmol/L. The insulin content was also increased in patients of all
groups - in HIV-infected persons 9,26±0,24 MKOD/ml, in
patients with chronic hepatitis C - 10,6±0,89 mU/L, and in
patients co-infected with HIV/HCV - 11,9±0,81 MKOD / ml,
respectively.
HbA1C
levels in HIV-infected individuals was 6,18±0,14
%,
in patients with chronic hepatitis C - 6,36±0,13
%,
and in patients co-infected with HIV/HCV - 7,05±0,15
%.
These values were
significantly
higher than in the control group (5,74±0,17
%).
HOMA-IR
index in the studied patients was increased as compared with the
control subjects, and in HIV-infected persons it
was
2,51±0,21, in patients with chronic hepatitis C - 2,45±0,17
and co-infection with HIV/HCV - 3,16±0,24 respectively.
The
greatest manifestation of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism was
in patients with established co-infection with HIV/HCV, and the
lowest - in HIV-infected individuals. Conclusion.
The
most significant manifestations of disorders of carbohydrate and
purine metabolism were observed in patients co-infected with
HIV/HCV (t=20,5;
p<0.001), that exceed a specified changes in patients with HCV
1,74
times (t=11,8;
p<0.001) and HIV-infected patients (t=9,1;
p<0.001) 2,25
times.
Key
words: chronic
hepatitis C, HIV-infection, co-infection HIV/HCV,
carbohydrate metabolism.
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95-99
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ÏÎÊÀÇÍÈÊÈ
̲ÊÐÎÅÊÎËÎò¯ ÑÒÀÒÅÂÈÕ ØËßÕ²Â Ó ÕÂÎÐÈÕ Ç ÏÀϲËÎÌÀ²ÐÓÑÍÎÞ
²ÍÔÅÊÖ²ªÞ
˳ñÿíà Ò.Î., Ïîíîìàðüîâà
².Ã., Êîíäðàòþê Â.Ê., Êîáëîø Í.Ä., Êàöàëàï Î.Ì.,
Ìàòÿøîâà Î.².
INDICATORS
MICROECOLOGY GENITAL TRACT IN PATIENTS WITH HPV INFECTIONS
Lisyana
T.O., Ponomareva I.G., Kondratyuk V.K., Koblosh N.D., Katsalap
O.M., Matyashova
O.I.
Introduction.
In
recent years proved the involvement of papillomaviruses in the
development of a wide range of diseases, which are based
neoplastic processes of precancerous and tumor genesis. Human
papilloma virus (HPV) are highly contagious, progressive increase
in the incidence of genital tract lesions and high oncogenicity.
Proven link between the risk of precancerous disease in patients
with HPV and chlamydia infection, viruses (HSV, CMV) and pathogens
"new generation".
The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the state of microbiota and
analysis of associative forms of genital tract infection in women
with HPV depending on the degree of cervical pathology. Materials
and methods. In
order to assess the state microecology cervical cancer in women
with HPV infection examined 90 patients.Analysis of the results
of bacteriological studies conducted taking into account the
nature of pathological changes in the lining of the cervix. In
particular, examined 23 women (group I) type of inflammatory
disorders of the mucosa, 45 patients (group II) with mild cervical
dysplasia (CIN I) and 22 - (third group) with cervical dysplasia
moderate severity (CIN II). As a control, examined 25 healthy
women.
Conducting
microbiological analysis and calculation of results was performed
according to the order number 535 Ministry of Health from 1985
years and the order number 234 Ministry of Health of Ukraine of
10.05.2007 years.
Crops
performed by sectoral dense planting on differential - diagnostic
culture media, to determine the degree of microbial contamination
and to identify the best possible range of aerobic and facultative
anaerobic microorganisms.
Taxonomic
position microorganisms was determined according to the directory
Bergey.
Diagnosis
of herpes, cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis,
ureaplasmosis and fluorescent performed by using a set of
"Herpes-Scan" , "CMV-Scan "," Ñhlamy-Scan
"," Urea-Scan "and" Miko-Scan "(Moscow).
HPV infection detected by PCR.
Gardnerellesis
diagnosed by microscopy by staining smears on Romanovsky with
subsequent calculation of "core" of cells, setting amine
test, determination of pH.
The
results of bacteriological studies were subject to statistical
analysis by Student's method. Results.
The
obtained data indicate that patients of the first group identified
changes microecology which was to raise the frequency of
registration of mixed infection of the cervix opportunistic
gram-positive cocci in combination with viruses, as well as the
tendency to reduce the protective microflora. The frequency of
associative forms of cervical infection was significant and was
72,7%, (n = 16).
Women
with HPV group II and CIN I and indicators microbiota slightly
different from the data obtained in women with inflammatory type
of stroke. In the second group of patients with HPV and mild
cervical dysplasia tended to increase the level of seeding
microorganisms pathogenic properties and increased frequency of
diagnosis of infections such as chlamydia, mycoplasmosis,
ureaplasmosis and gardnerella.
The
majority (66,6%, (n = 30)) of the second group of patients with
HPV and CIN I bacterial flora was located in association with
viruses and infectious agents "new generation".
For
comparison purposes, we examined three groups of women HPV who had
cervical dysplasia moderate severity (CIN II). In this group of
patients revealed increasing contamination cervical gram-positive
coccus, not only, but also enterobacteria. The essential deficit
lactobacillus.
Compared
with the data observed in women with HPV and CIN I, in patients
with cervical dysplasia moderate severity (CIN II) revealed
increased frequency of diagnosis of HSV, gardnerellez, chlamydia
and ureaplasmosis.
State
microecology cervix in patients with HPV and CIN II is
characterized by increased levels of viral infection, increasing
the proportion of the total spectrum of microorganisms isolated
anaerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and a significant decrease
in contamination of the cervix protective microflora. Found
increased frequency of registration associative forms of infection
(86,3%, (n = 19)). Indicators expression of viral and bacterial
associations in the third group of women with exaggerated HPV data
obtained in patients with HPV and mild cervical dysplasia. Conclusions
1.
Dependence indicators microecology cervical cytologic changes in
the type mucosa. In the group of women with inflammatory type of
stroke and mild dysplasia as part of the biological community
dominated pathogens herpes or cytomegalovirus infection on the
background of increases in expression of gram-positive coccal
flora and lack of protective microflora. In the group of women
with cervical dysplasia moderate severity recorded a significant
increase in the frequency of diagnosis of HPV infection,
chlamydia, increasing the share spectrum allocated flora anaerobic
bacteria (Gardnerella, mobilyunkus) and a significant decrease in
lactobacilli.
2.
The differences between the frequency and composition of
associations of infectious agents from the state epithelium of the
mucous membrane of the cervix. The greatest rate of associative
forms of contamination of the cervix (86,3%, (n = 19)) was found
in women with human papillomavirus infection and cervical
dysplasia Stepun medium severity.
3.
The data obtained indicate the need for control parameters
microecology cervix in women for the purpose of early diagnosis of
HPV infection, assess the extent of violations of microbiota and
the risk of complications.
Keywords:
microbiocaenosis,
cervix, HPV, cervical dysplasia
|
100-104
|
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ÏÀÐÀÇÈÒÎËÎòß
(PARASITOLOGY )
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Âèäîâîé
ñîñòàâ ìàëÿðèéíûõ êîìàðîâ Õàðüêîâñêîé îáëàñòè. Ïðèðîäíûå ôàêòîðû
ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ìàëÿðèè
Ãàççàâè-Ðîãîçèíà Ë. Â.
SPECIES
COMPOSITION OF MALARIAL MOSQUITOES KHARKIV REGION. NATURAL FACTORS
OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION
Gazzawi
- Rogozinà
L. V.
Introduction.
This article describes the species composition of the dominant
Anopheles mosquitoes in the Kharkiv region, the season of their
possible effective infection, as well as ongoing anti-malaria
activities . Material
& methods.
The analysis of entomological and meteorological situation in
Ukraine and in the Kharkiv region according to data of the
Ukrainian Center of control and monitoring of diseases of the
Ministry of Health of Ukraine and Kharkiv regional laboratory
center. Collection of material (imaginal and larval) was carried
out on the territory of natural and artificial water bodies of
Kharkiv region in the period 2013 – 2014. When collecting
the material used conventional accounting methods mosquito
populations. On the territory of the region under study, we have
found 30 species of mosquitoes three genera: Anopheles, Culex,
Aedes. Results
& discussion.
Epidemiological role of each species of mosquitoes depends on
several conditions. Dangerous vector species can only be found in
large numbers, a significant percentage of individuals in a
population that feeds on the blood of man, having a sufficiently
long season activity and a sufficient number of females surviving
to age possible maturation of sporozoites in their body. In
Ukraine, the major carriers - Anopheles maculipennis, An. m.
messeae, An. m. atroparvus, An. claviger, An. plumbeus, An.
hyrcanus. Mosquito species registered in the territory of the
Kharkiv region are susceptible to currently known types of human
malaria parasites . Moreover, the dominant species in terms of
urban landscapes are An.maculipennis and An.messeae . These
species possess all the qualities necessary to be considered
dangerous malaria vector control. They are well infected with the
three main types of human parasites. In the study area , in terms
of urban landscapes, gonoaktivnye females occurs within 3.5-4
months, and Preimaginal stages in reservoirs - about 4.5 months.
The maximum number of species observed in mid-July. Due to the
high number of attacks and activity in the summer , as well as the
confinement of breeding sites to human settlements ,
An.maculipennis, An. messeae pose the greatest epidemiological
risk. Conclusion.
All of the above demonstrates the improvement of environmental
conditions for the spread of malaria : growth of the transporter ,
the increase in precipitation , temperature longer transmission
period of invasion .
Keywords:
malaria, mosquitoes p. Anopheles, epidemiology, census, hydraulic
events.
|
105-107
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ÏÀÒÎÃÅÍÅÒÈ×Ͳ
ÌÅÕÀͲÇÌÈ ÏÐÈ ÕÐÎͲ×ÍÎÌÓ ÍÀÁÓÒÎÌÓ ÒÎÊÑÎÏËÀÇÌÎDz
Êîöèíà
Ñ.Ñ.
PATHOGENETIC
MECHANISMS OF CHRONIC ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS
Kotsyna
S.S.
Introduction.
Toxoplasma
gondii
is
an intracellular protozoan that infects approximately one-third of
the world’s population. Infection in human generally occurs
through consuming food or drink contaminated with oocysts and
tissue cysts from undercooked meat. Although
latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii is among the most
prevalent of human infections, it has been generally assumed that,
except for congenital transmission, it is asymptomatic.
Different conditions such as, number of parasite, virulence of the
organism, genetic background, sex, and immunological status seem
to affect the course of infection
The demonstration that Toxoplasma infections can alter behavior,
reproductive function in patients has led to a reconsideration of
this assumption.
During chronic acquired toxoplasmosis (ÑÀT) identified the
regularities of changes in the ratio of the immune system and the
basal levels of sex hormones available informative methods, which
made it possible to evaluate the severity of the flow chart and
predict treatment outcome without resorting to complex research
methods. Found that the host-parasite relationships and clinical
manifestations of chronic toxoplasmosis depend largely on
protective and adaptive responses and compensatory abilities of
the human body. Material
& methods. 112
patients attended in the 6 Department of Kharkiv Regional
Infectious Diseases Hospital ¹22 (Department of Medical
Parasitology and Tropical Diseases of Kharkiv
Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education,)
in Kharkiv, Ukraine were enrolled in the study. Forty four
patients (39,3±4,6%) were male and sixty eight (60,7±4,6%)
were female. The age of the patients was 18 till 72 years. Results
& discussion. All
of
112
CAT patients had subjective clinical symptoms in various
combinations: increased fatigue 99,1 ± 0,9%, headache and
tiredness
95,5 ± 1,9%, pain in the liver 88,4 ± 3,1%, bitter
taste in the mouth 93,8 ± 2,2%, muscle pain 81,3 ±
3,7% and joint
pain
69,6 ± 4,3%. Women complained of painful menstruation (57,4
± 4,7%), irregular menstrual cycle (85,3 ± 3,4%). In
the anamnesis of diseases 10,3 ± 2,8% of women had
miscarriages and 27,9 ± 4,2% of women had fetal fading.
47,7 ± 4,7% men complained of the decrease in potency.
Objective
examination: All of 112 CAT patients had lymphadenopathy, 89,3 ±
3,0% patients had subfibryle temperature, 64,3 ± 4,5% of
patients had increased sweating, 53.6 ± 4,7% patients had
hypertension, increase in liver size was founded in 21,4 ±
3,8% of patients, skin rashes 10,7 ± 3,0%, spleen was
enlarged in 66,9 ± 4,4% of patients.
Hormonal
status: 59 ± 7,4% men have an increased levels of
progesterone, 41 ± 7,4% men have an increased levels of
estrad³ol,
13
± 5,1% men have an decreased levels of testosterone. Women
22±5,0%
have an increased levels of testosterone, women
7,0±3,1%
have an increased levels of progesterone, 10±3,6% women
have an decreased levels of estrad³ol. Conclusion.
The
response of host organism to CAT invasion occurs is not the same.
It depends on the initial state protective and adaptive capacity
of the organism and the liver diseases. This is one of the
determining factors of the host-parasite relationship and clinical
manifestations of the disease. Prognostic Criterias that determine
adaptive-compensatory capacity of the organism in CAT can be basal
levels of estradiol, testosterone and progesterone. Physiological
differences between men and women play an important role in
determining susceptibility to parasitic diseases. The dichotomy in
the incidence and severity of many diseases infectious etiology
are a strong arguments that the characteristics of men’s
physiology and characteristics of women’s physiology are the
important factors of the determining susceptibility to disease.
Keywords:
toxoplasmosis, immune system, sex hormones, clinical
manifestations.
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108-113
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ÄÈÀÃÍÎÑÒÈÊÀ È ËÅ×ÅÍÈÅ
ÕÈÍÎÊÎÊÊÎÇÀ Ó ÄÅÒÅÉ
Âåëèåâà
Ò.À.
DIAGNOSIS
AND TREATMENT OF CHILDREN ECHINOCOCCOSIS
Veliyeva T.A.
The problem of
echinococcosis, despite the progress made in its diagnosis and
treatment, currently remains poorly understood and highly relevant
in pediatric Parasitology. Studies of many authors show that in
recent years the number of patients with echinococcosis not only
universally recognized endemic foci, but also among people in the
European region, including in countries such as Romania, Germany,
Austria. However, studies on the prevalence and structure of
echinococcosis among children in Ukraine, are not held. Despite
the large number of papers devoted to the treatment of
echinococcosis, the problem of the treatment of this disease in
children is still far from its final decision. Usually offered
surgical treatment, which is not possible with multiple lesions of
the liver or other organs. All this shows the relevance and
importance for practical public health issues for further study of
diagnosis and treatment of echinococcosis in children. The
purpose of the study. A
comparative analysis of the diagnostic efficacy of X-ray and
ultrasound method in the diagnosis of echinococcosis in children. Material
& methods. This
work is based on a survey of 39 children with hepatic
echinococcosis, were examined at the Department of Medical
Parasitology and Tropical Diseases Kharkiv Medical Academy of
Postgraduate Education from 2005 to 2015. Boys was 1.5 times
greater (59.5%) than girls - 40.5%. Children under five years of
age accounted for only 4.0% of all patients, due to their limited
contact with the environment when compared with older age. The
greatest risk of disease was in the 10-13 years of age, the number
of children in the group reached 40.3% of the patients. The vast
majority of patients (89.6%) lived in rural areas. In this case,
the parents of sick children from the village were engaged in
farming, were in personal use livestock, dogs, which probably
contributed to the invasion. Very often ill children pas¬tuhov,
shepherds. 78% of patients had close contact with dogs. Study of
the structure of morbidity showed that among children with
hydatidosis in 90.8% were found isolated liver, 9.1% - together.
In 7.0% of the patients were diagnosed with combined lung and
liver. Results
& discussion.
Clinical examination of children was carried out by the standard
method of inspection and collection history. When collecting
anamnestic data have focused on the identification of contact with
pets, dates of onset of symptoms. The clinical picture of hepatic
echinococcosis diverse and largely depend on the size, location
and number of cysts, and the nature of complications. Depending on
the stage of parasite development and complications of liver
hydatid cysts in our study had a different echographic image.
Uncomplicated cyst of the liver in 85.8% of cases was introduced
liquid (anehogennoe) form a round or oval with clear smooth
contours having at the periphery of the double hyperechoic
circuit: inwards - chitin shell echinococcus, outwards from it -
the fibrous sheath of the liver; shells separated from each other
hypoechoic space. In 7 cases, ultrasound cyst of the liver
characterized by the presence in the lumen of the crimped
hyperechoic structure - detached shell chitin (floating
diaphragm). 3 children under ultrasound liver cyst had a typical
double loop around the periphery. In their lumen defines a large
number of child cysts. Indicators diagnostic efficacy of
ultrasound in the diagnosis of liver echinococcosis were:
sensitivity 98.0%, specificity 100%, accuracy 97.6%, which
confirms the value of the ultrasonic method in the diagnosis of
this pathology. Conclusion.
Children with signs of chronic endotoxemia (weakness, loss of
appetite, malaise, fatigue, retarded physical development), as
well as allergic reactions in various forms, is necessary to
conduct surveys using a minimum of safer and more effective
diagnostic methods in order to avoid echinococcosis. This method,
in our opinion, is ultrasound, which is available for in
outpatient and inpatient settings.
Keywords:
echinococcosis,
children, diagnosis, treatment, endotoxemia,
allergia
|
114-118
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ÒÎÊÑÈÊÎËÎòß,
ÔÀÐÌÀÊÎËÎòß,
ÅÊÎËÎòß
(TOXICOLOGY,
PHARMACOLOGY, ECOLOGY)
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Á²Îղ̲×Ͳ
ÌÅÕÀͲÇÌÈ ÑÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÎÃÎ ÂÏËÈÂÓ ÍÀ ÎÐÃÀͲÇÌ ÒÂÀÐÈÍ ÅËÅÊÒÐÎÌÀÃͲÒÍÎÃÎ
ÂÈÏÐÎ̲ÍÞÂÀÍÍß ÒÀ ÏÎÇÈÒÈÂÍί ÍÈÇÜÊί ÒÅÌÏÅÐÀÒÓÐÈ
˳òîâ÷åíêî
Î. Ë., Ïåðöåâ Ä. Ï., Çàâãîðîäí³é ². Â.,
̳òåëüîâà Ò. Þ., ×åõîâñüêà ². Ì., Àáðàìîâà Ë. Ï., Âåêøèí Â. Î.
BIOCHEMICAL
MECHANISMS OF MIXED EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND LOW
POSITIVE TEMPERATURE ON ANIMALS’ ORGANISM
Litovchenko
O. L., Pertsev D. P., Zavgorodnii I. V., Mitelova T. U., Chehovska
I. M.,
Abramova L. P.,
Vekshin V. O.
At
present, biochemical mechanisms of mixed effects of
electromagnetic radiation (EMR)
and
cold on the body are not adequately studied, so this problem is
urgent for modern medicine. Purpose
of study. Establishing
pathognomonic criteria and biochemical mechanisms of adverse
effect of EMR on the organism of laboratory animals in conditions
of cold stress. Materials
and methods.
The
laboratory subacute experiment was carried out on mature white
male rats of WAG line, weighing 190-220 g for 1 month. The animals
were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals in each group. The first
group was subjected to the isolated action of electromagnetic
radiation (frequency 70 kHz, tension 600 V/m) at a comfortable air
temperature of 25 ± 2 ° C. The second group was
subjected to the mixed action of EMR and low temperature 4 ±
2°C. The third group served as a control with regard to the
first group, and the fourth group - with regard to the second, at
air temperature of 25 ± 2°C. Expositions were carried
out 5 times a week (for 4:00 every day). To identify changes in
biochemical parameters studied during the experiments, blood
sampling was performed at the stages of 5, 15, 30 days and urine
sampling – at the stages of 15, 30 days in dynamics. Blood
serum was used as biomaterial. It was determined the content of
malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated diene, content of SH-groups,
superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, cholesterol, high density
lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein
(VLDL), triglycerides, atherogenic index was determined, the level
of urea, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, content of
chlorides, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, total protein, glucose,
and catalase activity. Renal function was studied by the content
of creatinine, cholinesterase, urea, uric acid, chlorides,
potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and glucose in urine. Results
and discussion.
The findings showed that the isolated action of EMR only led to a
change in the activity of catalase and a trend toward an increase
in MDA level. Values of lipoprotein profile also did not have
reliable changes, but high values of atherogenic
index throughout the study showed the negative impact of EMR on
lipid metabolism. Reliable changes in liver function tests
indicated a disorder of liver detoxification function and possible
derangement of protein metabolism. A decrease in creatinine and
uric acid in the urine of rats is also evidence of this. The mixed
effect of EMR and positive low temperature predetermined deeper
violations practically in all components of metabolism, which
exhibit low levels of SH-groups and the activity of catalase and
superoxide dismutase, an increase in the concentration of
ceruloplasmin. The observed increase in VLDL and triglycerides
indicated the increase of the processes of atherogenesis. Acid
phosphatase activity increased, increased alkaline phosphatase
tends to raise the level of serum phosphorus levels in rats of the
experimental group. There were more pronounced changes in the
functioning of the liver. The level of urea in the blood serum was
reliably increased. In the mixed action of EMR and positive low
temperature, the level of uric acid in urine reliably increased,
indicating that the development of renal failure in this group of
animals, which was also indicated by elevated levels of chlorides
in the urine. Conclusions.
1. The leading biochemical mechanisms of adverse effects of mixed
action of EMR and positive low temperature is a disorder of the
antioxidant system of blood, lipid metabolism and renal excretory
function. 2. The mixed effect of EMR and positive low temperature
on the organs and systems was more pronounced compared to the
isolated action of electromagnetic radiation. 3. The above
determines the need to consider the increase of biological effect
of EMR established in the experiment on laboratory animals in the
conditions of cold stress, when substantiating hygienic standards,
the development and introduction of prophylactic measures into the
practice of sanitary supervision.
Keywords:
rats,
electromagnetic radiation, cold, biochemical effects
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119-124
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ÎÖÅÍÊÀ
ÏÐÎÒÅÊÒÎÐÍÎÃÎ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß ÏÐÎÁÈÎÒÈÊÀ È ÈÌÌÓÍÎÒÐÎÏÍÎÃÎ ÏÐÅÏÀÐÀÒÀ ÍÀ
ÌÅÒÀÁÎËÈÇÌ ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒÀËÜÍÛÕ ÆÈÂÎÒÍÛÕ ÏÎÑËÅ ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈß ÊÑÅÍÎÁÈÎÒÈÊÀ
Çâÿãèíöåâà Î.Â., Êëèìîâà
Å.Ì., Ëàâèíñêàÿ Å.Â., Ëåíüêåâè÷ À.Ñ.
CHANGING
METABOLIC FUNCTIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AFTER INTRODUCTION OF
THE XENOBIOTIC, IMMUNOTROPIC DRUG AND PROBIOTIC
Zvyagintseva
OV.,
Klimova
EM., Lavinska OV., Lenkevich AS.
The
aim of the study was to evaluate in
vivo
changes in metabolic and barrier function of the resistance
factors (activity of enzymes of neutrophils, the efficiency of
phagocytosis), some biochemical parameters (concentration of
ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin) and proliferate activity in
vitro
cells after introduction of copper sulfate, probiotics and
immunostimulant "Fungidol" the experimental animals. Material
and methods.
The
in
vivo
experiments were performed on 6-month-old male rats of Wistar
line. Identified the following groups: group 1 - control animals,
which were intraperitoneally injected with saline (n = 5); group 2
- animals that were administered saline per
os
and 48 hours a solution of copper sulphate intraperitoneally (n =
5); group 3 - animals, which were injected with immunotropic drug
"Fungidol" per
os
and 48 hours a solution of copper sulphate intraperitoneally (n =
5); group 4 animals, which were injected with a solution of
probiotics per
os
and 48 hours a solution of copper sulphate intraperitoneally (n =
5). As a probiotic used capsules firm Yogurt that contains active
Lactobacillus
acidophilus,
Lactobacillus
rhamnosus,
Streptococcus
thermophillus,
Lactobacillus
bulgaricus.
The concentration of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin were determined
spectrophotometrically. Oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophils
was investigated by microscopy according to their ability to
absorb nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT-test) and restore it to
deformazione in the form of granules blue color under the
influence of superoxide anion, which is formed in the NADP-oxidase
reaction, initiating the process of stimulation of phagocytosis
(NBT-test). To determine the barrier function of phagocytic cells
by light microscopy to evaluate the activity of phagocytosis of
neutrophilic granulocytes with subsequent determination of
phagocytic index, phagocytic number and the index of completeness
of phagocytosis. As a microbial agent used is a suspension culture
of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae.
The peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured according to the
method of Hereford in medium 199 with the addition of fetal calf
serum in the absence and in the presence of T-cell mitogen –
phytohemagglutinin. Results
and discussion.
In
all studied groups (introduction of the xenobiotic, "Fungidol",
probiotic experimental animals revealed a significant increase in
the concentrations of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin on the average
in 1,5 times in comparison with the control, indicating the
development of the inflammatory process after the toxic action of
copper sulphate. During administration of sulphate of copper,
the experimental animals showed a reduction in the index of
completion of phagocytosis, indicating a failure of the process of
endocytosis of bacterial antigens and reduced stimulation index
due to the low activity of NADP-oxidase system of phagocytes. The
introduction of xenobiotic animals was increased 1,2 times
compared with the control (23,33±1,38) % the number of
transformed cells in the background of mitogenic inducer of cell
proliferation. The proliferative activity of hemolytic after the
joint action of the xenobiotic and immunotropic drug in cell
culture with the mitogen was the highest and exceeded 1,5 times
control (23,33±1,38)%. After the introduction of copper
sulfate and probiotic proliferative activity of hemolytic was also
significantly higher spontaneous. Introduction biologic
response modifier substance to a greater extent than probiotics
stimulate a protective immune processes aimed at combating the
negative effect of the xenobiotic. Conclusion.
Thus,
the introduction of copper sulfate launches in animals a cascade
of reactions aimed at the disruption of homeostasis. It is a
violation of various physiological processes of digestion,
respiration, cell differentiation, water-salt metabolism,
metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, detoxification of
exogenous substrates and metabolites, production of biologically
active compounds. Introduction immunostimulant and probiotics, in
varying degrees, led to activation of protective mechanisms under
the action of stress factors aimed at the adaptation and
translation of the body into a new functional state.
Keywords:
xenobiotic,
immunotropic drug, probiotics, immune response.
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125-130
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ÀÍÒȲÐÓÑÍÀ
² ÀÍÒÈ̲ÊÐÎÁÍÀ ÀÊÒÈÂͲÑÒÜ ÐÅ×ÎÂÈÍ ² ˲ÊÀÐÑÜÊÈÕ ÔÎÐÌ
(ANTIVIRAL
AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SUBSTANCES AND DOSAGE FORMS)
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THE
STUDY
OF
THE
ANTI-INFLUENZA
ACTIVITY
OF
ALTABOR
SUBSTANCE
Rybalko
S.L., Êrutskykh T.V., Shalamay A.S.
The
antiviral activity of Altabor substance has
been studied in the
experiments in
vitro
and in
ovo.
The substance of Altabor
actively inhibits the influenza virus reproduction in the doses
from 100 μg /ml to 6,75 μg/ml by 7,5-3,0 lg of ID50,
drug
in the dose of 100 μg/embryo inhibits the replication of the
influenza virus by 5,5 lg of EID50, and it confirms the presence
of the antiviral activity of the drug.
Key
words: altabor, antiviral activity, influenza.
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131-133
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MORPHOLOGICAL
ALTERATIONS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS
AUREUS
CAUSED BY ARYL ALIPHATIC AMINOALCOHOL DERIVATIVE
Dronova
M.
Increasing
of antimicrobial resistance has created a critical need of the
novel antimicrobial agents. One of the promising chemical classes
for its development are aryl aliphatic aminoalcohols. New
compounds of this class were synthesized at the Institute of
organic chemistry (Kiev, Ukraine), by Y. Korotkiy. After the
screening studies compound KVM-194 was selected as the potent
antistaphylococcal agent. The aim of the study was to examine
ultrastructural changes in the bacterial cells under the influence
of the compound KVM-194. Materials
and methods.
Staphylococcus
aureus
ATCC 25923 was used in all experiments. The minimum inhibitory
concentration was determined by serial macrodilution method in
Mueller-Hinton broth. Bacteria were exposed to the 0,5 MIC and 5
MICs of the KVM-194 for 1 h and 24 h. Ultrastructure of intact and
treated Staphylococcus
aureus
cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy after
contrasting by osmium tetraoxide and lead citrate. Results
and Discussion.
The
compound KVM-194 possesses a distinct antibacterial activity
against Staphylococcus
aureus,
the minimum inhibitory concentration is 1.25 µg/ml. .
We
found that exposure to KVM-194 at a subinhibitory concentration
resulted in alterations of the cell morphology even after 1 h of
treatment. The roughness of the cell surface and emerging of the
intracellular particles of different electron density were
observed. Increase of the incubation time to 24 h led to
detachment of membrane from cytoplasm, multi-membrane structures
within cells emergence and formation of nonpolar septum. 1 h
exposition to suprainhibitory concentration of KVM-194 resulted in
nucleoid fragmentation, septum abnormalities and necrosis of some
cells. We found that increasing of the incubation period to 24 h
led to exacerbation of alterations: cell wall rupture, leakage of
cytoplasm and a large number of lysed cells were registered. Conclusion.
Observed
alterations, suggest the possible mechanism of action of KVM-194,
due to its influence on the cell membrane and intracellular
processes.
Key
words:
Staphylococcus
aureus,
antibiotics, mechanism of action, aryl aliphatic aminoalcohols.
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134-138
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ
ÏÐÎÒÈÂÎÌÈÊÐÎÁÍÎÉ ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÈ êîÌÁÈÍÈÐÎÂÀÍíûõ
ÏÐÅÏÀÐÀÒÎÂ ÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÅ ÏÅÐÎÊÑÈÄÀ ÂÎÄÎÐÎÄÀ È ÝÒÎÍÈß
Áëàæååâñêèé
Í.Å., Áîéêî Í.Í.
THE
STUDY antimicrobial activity of combination drugs on the basis of
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE and AETHONIUM
Blazheyevskiy,
N.Ye., Boyko, N.N.
Formulation
of two complex antimicrobial compositions on the basis of hydrogen
peroxide and aethonium has been developed: hydrogen peroxide –
16.7 %; aethonium – 12.0 %; sodium pyrophosphate –
0.06 %; water and stabilizing agents up to 100 % (composition 1)
and hydrogen peroxide – 18.0 %; aethonium – 12.0 %;
ethanol – 12,5 %; water and stabilizings agent up to 100 %
(composition 2); and their antimicrobial activity has been studied
by agar diffusion method on standard microorganism test strains:
Staphylococcus
aureus
ATCC
25923;
Staphylococcus
aureus
ATCC
6538;
Escherichia
coli
ATCC
25922;
Escherichia
coli
ATCC
11229;
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
ATCC
27953;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ATCC
15442;
Proteus
vulgaris
H
4636;
Proteus
mirabilis
ATCC
14153;
Enterococcus
faecium
ATCC
6057;
Bacillus cereus
ATCC 10702; Candida albicans ATCC 10231.We
have carried out assessment of integrated antimicrobial activity
of complex drugs using vector algebra. It has been demonstrated
that there is a direct correlation between the integrated index of
antimicrobial activity and logarithm of concentration of
antimicrobial components in the solution. An advanced mathematical
model for description of the dependence of activity spectrum on
concentration of antimicrobial drugs has been suggested –
logistic dependence.It has been determined that composition 1 is
13.5 % more active when compared to composition 2. In the result
of the study of antiseptic compositions 1 and 2 in the following
dilutions: undiluted, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, and determination of
their microbicidal activity associated with 1-3-5-10-30-60-minute
exposition with microbial burden of clinical and test strains
2·10^ 9 CFU/mL
using the method for assessment of antimicrobial activity of drugs
developed, we have come to the conclusion that antimicrobial
properties of the compositions studied maintain at the high level
up to their dilution to 1:4; at this dilution, an optimal
bactericidal exposition of 10 min has been determined.We have come
to the conclusion as for potential of use of the combined
antimicrobial compositions on the basis of hydrogen peroxide and
quaternary ammonium compounds suggested as antiseptic agents and
disinfectants in medicine and/or veterinary.
Key
words: disinfection,
hydrogen peroxide, aethonium, antimicrobial properties.
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139-144
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ÄÎÑ˲ÄÆÅÍÍß
ÏÐÎÒÈ̲ÊÐÎÁÍί ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒ² ÍÎÂί ÊÎÌÁ²ÍÎÂÀÍί ÌÀDz ÍÀ ÌÎÄÅ˲
ÃͲÉÍί ÐÀÍÈ ÑÒÀÔ²ËÎÊÎÊÎÂί ÅÒ²ÎËÎò¯
Òêà÷îâà
Î. Â.
STUDY
OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NEW COMBINED OINTMENT ON THE MODEL OF
PURULENT WOUND OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL ETIOLOGY
Tkachova
O. V.
Introduction.
Prevalence
of purulent pathologies and insufficient number of combined
ointments with multi-effect on inflammation, infection and tissue
damage are a prerequisite for scientists of NUPh to develop a new
combined ointment composed of: antiseptics ethacridine lactate and
thick chlorophyllipt extract, drug with reparative and
anti-inflammatory activity –
dexpanthenol, PEG-base of the IInd generation with the moderate
dehydrating activity (180%). The range of pharmacological actions
of Filetol ointment meets local therapy requirements in the IInd
phase of the wound healing process. New ointment can also be
applied in the Ist phase of wound healing process, if the wound
contains a small amount of purulent exudate or does not contain it
at all.
Material
& Methods.
The
purulent
wound
of
staphylococcal
etiology was reproduced in 24 white mature female mice weighing
14-17 g and subcutaneously injected with 0.2 ml of 10% solution of
calcium chloride in the skin area, depilated beforehand, and after
the development of necrosis on the 4th day injected with 0.2 ml of
daily agar cultures S.
aureus ATCC 25923 in
the necrotizing area. In 48 hours of the infection, in the area of
administration of staphylococcus cultures purulent necrotic wounds
developed, which, depending on the size and intensity of the
lesions, were subjected to reverse development in 9-15 days in a
row. Animals were divided into three groups of 8 animals,
including a positive control group, animals in which were not
treated.
In
this study, the comparator was Levomecol ointment which is widely
used in clinical practice for the local treatment of purulent
wounds. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated on the basis of lesion
value and intensity in study groups compared with the positive
control, animal deaths in the case of generalization of the
purulent process, quantitative dynamics of microorganisms in the
wound and planimetric indicators (area of wounds and the
percentage of rats with healed wounds). Results
& Discussion.
Intradermal
administration of staphylococcus to mice resulted in the
development of severe purulent necrotic wounds in animals which in
the positive control group was accompanied by increase in titer of
microbial contamination during the experiment. Due to the
generalization of infection, high mortality of animals was
observed and in the positive control group it amounted to 50%.
Application of Filetol
ointment
contributed to the rapid cleansing of wounds from purulent
necrotic masses, reducing the number of microorganisms and
activation of reparative processes. From the 3rd day of treatment
with Filetol
ointment,
content of S. aureus in the wound decreased by half and was 3 lg-4 lg.
Full liberation of wounds of Staphylococcus in the treatment with
Filetol
ointment
was observed on the 6
day of treatment. In animals treated with Levomecol
ointment,
liberation of wounds of Staphylococcus took place 3 days later. Conclusion.
Use
of Filetol ointment contributed to preventing the generalization
of infection process in mice which affected the growth of the
animal survival by 25% compared to the positive control and by
12.5% compared to Levomecol ointment as well as acceleration of
healing of purulent wounds.
Keywords:
ointment, antimicrobial, staphylococcus, wound
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145-147
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ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈÅ
ÂËÈßÍÈß ÊÎÌÁÈÍÀÖÈÉ öèïðîôëîêñîöèíà
ñ äðóãèìè àíòèáèîòèêàìè íà ïîëèðåçèñòåíòíûå øòàììû ñèíåãíîéíîé
ïàëî÷êè
Äüÿ÷åíêî
Â.Ô. Ìàðþùåíêî À.Ì., ßãíþê Þ.À.
THE
STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF COMBINATION OF CIPROFLOKSACIN
WITH ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST POLYANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAINS OF
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA BY OF CHECKERBOARD METHOD
Dyachenko
V.F. Mariushchenko A.M.,
Yagniuk
Yu.A.,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa is one of the man caused of opportunistic infections.
The
rapid decrease in sensitivity of pathogens septic infections to
antimicrobial agents has led to significant difficulties in the
treatmens of antibiotic-resistant
infections . One solution to this problem is a method of combining
antimicrobial medications of different pharmacological groups.
Antimicrobial
synergy resulting from antibiotic combination therapy is often
important in the treatment of serios bacterial infections. Materials
and methods. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa strains used in this study were isolated from
hospitalised patients at the Hospital of the Surgery of Kharkov.
The study of combinations of antibiotics efficacy was carried out
by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations using routine
method in vitro method "checkeboard". Fractional
inhibitory concentration indices were calculated for all isolates
with all combinations. The present paper investigates the
synergic effects of ciprofloxacin in combination with tienam,
amikacin or cefepim. Results
and discussion. Calculation
of the FIX showed that the combination of ciprofloxacin with
cefepim demonstrated synergistic inhibitory activity against 66,6
% of P.aeruginosa
strains tested. Thus studies have shown the indifferent summation
effects of combinations of ciprofloxacin with tienam or with
amikacin on the mayoriti of multiresistent strains of
P.aeruginosa. Conclusion.
The
result of experimental study
by of checkerboard
method
was shown the high effectiveness of the combinations of
ciprofloxacin and cefepime in relation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
polyantibiotic-resistant strains
Keywords:
combinations
of the antibiotics, polyantibioticresistant strains, "
checkeboard"method.
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148-150
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ÂÈÂ×ÅÍÍß
ÀÍÒÈ̲ÊÐÎÁÍÈÕ ÂËÀÑÒÈÂÎÑÒÅÉ ÄÅßÊÈÕ ÂÈIJ ÑÀÏÐÎÔ²ÒÍÈÕ ÎÁ˲ÃÀÒÍÈÕ
ÌÎÐÑÜÊÈÕ ÃÐÈÁ²Â
Êàëþæíàÿ
Î. Ñ.
STUDY
OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN SAPROPHYTIC OBLIGATE
MARINE FUNGI
Kalyuzhnaya
O.
S.
Today
promising area of the development and introduction of new
antimicrobial agents is to search for new antibiotics from natural
sources, namely among marine organisms - microscopic fungi. Such
saprophytic fungi as Ascomycota
(families Arenariomyces,
Ceriosporopsis, Corollospora, Halosphaeria)
and Basidiomycota
(family Nia),
which are widely spreaded in Ukraine (salty estuaries and the
coast of the Black Sea), are the objects of the study of this
work. These
types of marine organisms have been provided by the Odessa Branch
of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas after collecting
samples of water, sediment, cellulose substrates and subsequent
isolation and obtain pure cultures by accumulation in the form
fruiting bodies of Ascomycetes
and Basidiomycetes
- ascocarps and basidiocarps that can be stored 3-5 months in
sterile seawater. The aim of this study was to investigate the
presence of antimicrobial properties of saprophytic fungi obligate
marine, which are characteristic for residents in Ukraine, namely
the Black Sea. Materials
and methods. At
this stage the study of antimicrobial activity was performed by
agar diffusion method and method of cocultivation of marine fungi
with test strains in liquid culture medium. We have used reference
strains of microorganisms: Escherichia
coli
ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus
aureus
ATCC 25923, Bacillus
subtilis
ATCC 6633, Proteus
vulgaris
ATCC 6896, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
ATCC 27853 and opportunistic fungus Candida
albicans
ATCC 885-653.
Results
and Discussion. Determination
of antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion method showed that all
samples had antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive test
strains (S.
aureus
and B.
subtilis),
effect for the Gram-negative bacteria (E.
coli, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa)
was much smaller or non-existent, and it isn’t observed
against C.
albicans (exclusion
Nia
vibrissa
with zone of growth inhibition – 6.2 mm). The results of
the counting of cells test strains of E.
coli
and S.
aureus
in control and after their cocultivation with fungi
Halosphaeriopsis
mediosetigera
and Nia
vibrissa
on yeast broth at (37 ± 1) ° C showed that the number
of test cells after culturing strains with selected species of
marine fungi significantly lower than in control: when cultured
with Halosphaeriopsis
mediosetigera
cell number of E.
coli
decreased by almost 100 times, and cells of S.
aureus
- 1000, when cultured with Nia
vibrissa
number of cells test strains decreased 100 times. These results
prove the presence of antimicrobial properties for these species,
with observed the same trend as the study of antimicrobial
properties of agar diffusion method - both types of fungi inhibit
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions.
The
study of the antimicrobial properties of some species of
saprophytic obligate marine fungi, which are the inhabitants of
the north-western Black Sea region: Arenariomyces
trifurcata,
Ceriosporopsis
halima,
Corollospora
maritima,
Halosphaeriopsis
mediosetigera,
Nia
vibrissa,
was carried out. It was established that their culture supernatant
have antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, and
the last two species - against gram-negative bacteria, such action
was not observed against C. albicans.
Thus, the selected objects of study are potential producers of
antimicrobial substances; it leads to the prospect of further work
in this area.
Keywords:
saprophytic obligate marine fungi, antimicrobial properties
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151-155
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̲ÊÐÎÁ²ÎËÎòß
(MICROBIOLOGY)
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CLINICAL
AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF YERSINIOSES IN KHARKIV REGION
Mohylenets O.I.
Despite
great success in diagnostics of infectious diseases and
development of new laboratory methods, vast majority of cases are
not diagnosed or registered as different diagnosis. It connected
with polymorphism of clinical signs and difficulty of specific
diagnostics. The most evidential method of diagnostics is culture,
but grows of Yersinia
spp.
on common media is very bad. More specific and modern methods are
immunoferment analysis (IFA), polymerase chain reaction,
immunoblot analysis, but this methods are rather expensive and
require specialized
laboratory equipmet and staff.
Indirect hemahlutination test (IHAT) is still more common in
Ukraine. Materials
and methods
The object of the study were 61 patients with yersiniosis who were
treated in the Kharkiv Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases
Hospital during five years. The diagnosis of yersiniosis in all
patients was based on epidemiological, clinical, anamnestic data;
results of additional laboratory studies which were in accordance
with generally accepted clinical criteria. Final diagnosis was
confirmed by results of serological studies (IHAT in pair serum
with Yersinia
enterocolitica 03,
Yersinia
enterocolitica 09 and Yersinia
pseudotuberculosis
antigen). For exclusion of viral hepatitis patients with jaundice
were checked for anti-HAV IgM, HbsAg, and anti-HCV ²gG by IFA. Statistical
data processing was carried out by means of Statistica 6,0
software package. Comparative group analysis was perfomed by using Pearson criterium. Differences with p<0,05 were considered
statistically significant. Results
and Discussion
From the 61 patients that were under our supervision, in 59 was
diagnosed intestinal yersiniosis, in 2 – pseudotuberculosis.
Patients up to 50 years old were dominated. The incidence was
recorded throughout the year in the form of sporadic cases. The
severity of the disease in most cases was moderate (55,7%) or mild
(32,8%). Severe disease was registered in 7 patients. Generalized
(46%) and gastrointestinal (42%) forms dominated. Most patients –
39 (64%) – experienced acute onset of the disease. Climax
period was characterized by considerable polymorphism.
Intoxication syndrome was predominant. Catarrhal, gastrointestinal
and abdominal syndromes, hepatomegaly, polylymphadenopathy and
rash were observed often
enough.
Arthralgic syndrome, splenomegaly, kidney affection
were revealed less
frequently. Conclusions
1. In the Kharkiv region intestinal yersiniosis prevailed above
pseudotuberculosis. The main causative agent is Y.enteroccolitica
O3.
2. Disease was registered as sporadic cases, that occured
throughout the year. Male persones of working age were mainly
affected 3.
The clinic of yersiniosis was characterized by pronounced
polymorphism, which lead to difficulties in diagnosis. About half
of patients had signs of process generalization. 4. Specific
laboratory methods, including IFA and PCR (as addition to stool
culture and IHAT), should be prescribed to reveal real situation
about incidence of disease, improve the diagnostics and further
treatment.
Key
words:
yersiniosis,
clinical, epidemiological data
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156-159
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THE ASPECTS OF
INVESTIGATION OF MICROORGANISM ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AT THE
PRESENT STAGE
Andreeva
I. A., Makedonsky I. O., Stepansky D. O., Tchemeris O. L.
Introduction.
At
the present stage for ensuring epidemic safety and prevention of
nosocomial infections the complex of analytical study and
managerial procedure to improve the epidemiological supervision
over nosocomial infections through the introduction of infection
control in health care practice are using. The microbiological
monitoring is part of the infectious control and allows
supervising circulation of microorganisms and their antimicrobial
resistance by dynamic observation over structure and level of
resistance to antibiotics that are used in the given particular
hospital. Materials
and methods. For
the dynamic observation of the structure and the level of
resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents the computer
software WHONET recommended by WHO has been used. With using
WHONET in Dnepropetrovsk Children's Hospital ¹ 3 the computer
database has been created. In this database the information about
each patient, hospital department, samples under test and the date
of its excretion, the data about the detected microorganism and
its sensitivity/resistance to antimicrobial agents have been
stored. The examination and analysis of antibiotic resistance of
microorganisms has been provided for 2010-2014 years, in total the
data on 6168 isolates from 3876 patients have been analyzed. Results
and discussion. By
the total data the isolates belong to a wide spectrum of
microorganisms (more than 40 different types). By means of the
analysis of isolating of clinically significant microorganisms it
has been established that one of the most frequent isolated were
Escherichia
coli (1-20
%), Klebsiella
pneumoniae
(4-18
%), Staphylococcus
epidermidis
(1-12 %), S.
aureus
(1-10 %), Enterobacter
cloacae
(2-9 %), Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
(1-8 %). Detection of other microorganisms was irregular and its
frequency is varied from 0 % to 10 %. As a result of examining the
sensitivity of microorganisms it has been shown that tested
strains of bacteria were resistant to 72.7 % (on the average) of
antibiotics used in testing. In particular, resistance to
ampicillin, ceftriaxonum, ceftazidime and gentamycin was high and
reached 100 %. After the placed ban on the usage of these
medicines in dynamics, there was observed a tendency to
development to ampicillin, ceftriaxonum, ceftazidime and
gentamycin in circulating strains of microorganisms. Conclusion.
Improving
quality of medical aid is possible by implementation of strategy
of controllable application of antibiotics based on the results of
microbiological monitoring using analytical computer program
WHONET in practice of health protection establishments.
Keywords:
antibiotic
resistance, microbial monitoring, WHONET.
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160-162
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ϲÄÕ²Ä
ÄÎ ÑÏÅÖÈÔ²×Íί IJÀÃÍÎÑÒÈÊÈ ÇÁÓÄÍÈʲ ²ÍÔÅÊÖ²ÉÍÎÃÎ ÅÍÄÎÊÀÐIJÒÓ
Êàöàïîâ
Ä.Â.
APPROUSH
TO SPECIFIC DIAGNOSTICS OF CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF INFECTIOUS
ENDOCARDIDIS
Katsapov
D.V.
Introduction.
Increased level of morbidity of infective endocarditis (IE)
connected with new risk factors: intravenous drug use,
cardiosurgical interventions, hemodialysis brought new clinical
forms of the disease. As it shown in a literature main
pathogenetic factors of IE are bacteraemia, trauma of endocardium
and invasive medical procedures. Very typical pathogens are
streptococci and staphylococci. Most typically mitral and aortal
valves are affected with spreading of vegetations on surrounding
media. Discussion.
IE is polyetiologic disease caused by more than 128
microorganisms, and still a challenge for medical professionals.
Detection a causative agent is critical for proper specific
treatment. In different sources data on percentage of proven cases
very according to country and different medical centres reflecting
different local epidemiology of IE, diagnostic criteria and
protocols. Culture
negative infectious endocarditis (CNIE) is considered in case of
obtaining of three negative results of cultivation of samples on a
standard blood agar during 7 days and subculturing. CNIE incidence
very form 2% to 33% according to different researches and higher
in cases of community acquired infection and reseeding
antibacterial treatment. Some of cases of CNIE caused by gram -
negative fastidious microorganisms - Haemophilus
parainfluenzae, Actinobacillus, Actinomycetemcomitans,
Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae,
with
united in HACEK group according to their properties to colonize
oropharynx and requirement in special conditions and duration of
incubation. Detection of some intracellular bacteria, such as C.
burnetti
and Bartonella
spp.
require immunological methods of detection, histological methods
and of PCR Conclusion.
In case of diagnostics of patients with CNIE it is necessary to
use a combination of prolonged subculturing of serum, emboli and
histologic material on blood agar with microscopy by
Warthin-Starry,
Gimenez and PAS with serologic methods and broad - range
PCR amplification.
Keywords:
infectious
endocardidis, Haemophilus
parainfluenzae, Actinobacillus, Actinomycetemcomitans,
Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae
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163-164
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ÅϲÇÎÎÒÎËÎÃÎ-ÅϲÄÅ̲ÎËÎò×Ͳ
ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ËÅÏÒÎÑϲÐÎÇÓ Â ÒÅÐÍÎϲËÜÑÜÊ²É ÎÁËÀÑÒ²
Êðàâ÷óê
Þ. À., Âàñèëüºâà Í. À.
EPIZOOTIC
AND EPIDEMIOLOGY FEATURES FOR
LEPTOSPIROSIS IN TERNOPIL REGION
Kravchuk
Y.A.,
Vasilieva
N. A.
Introduction.
Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the
whole world. In Ukraine leptospirosis is registered practically in
all regions, however very much unevenly, that it is related to the
level of acidity of soils. One of such regions there is the
Ternopil region. Materials
and methods. Were
based on official statistics of the incidence leptospirosis in the
Ukraine regions and carried out anti-epidemic activities in
1984-2014. Results
& discussion. Ternopil
region was expressed of leptospirosis with epizootic and epidemic
level. The level of morbidity of people in this region exceeded
middle state index and hesitated within the limits of 1,05-12,17
on a 100 thousand population, the most getting up was on 1992-2001
for of the last 30 years. The level of morbidity is increase at
the end of summer and in autumn (at most in September), that,
probably, it is related to the increase of quantity of rodents and
"bathing" season. The etiologic structure of
leptospirosis in region
was
by L. rippotyphosa at 1981, in 90th – L.
icterohaemorrhagiae, later were L. hebdomadis, canicîla
and pomona, first – L. kabura and L. polonica, at the same
time part of L.icterohaemorrhagiae grew short to 37,5 %, diseases,
caused L. grippotyphosa, – rare and not annually. In 2010
diseases were predefined by L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L.
canicîla,
in 2011 – L. canicîla,
L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pomona. In 2012 from 19 cases of 10
were caused by L. canicîla,
in 2013 from 26 – 12, in 2014 from 35 – 7. From 2004,
became more frequent the mixed leptospirosis, part of which in
separate years arrived at 25-37 % among. The agricultural animals
(cattle, pigs, horse) and dogs are the independent reservoir of
leptospiras. The agricultural animals and possibility of
transmission by alimentary way of causative agent were assist
maintenance of continuous epizootic process an circulations of
causative agent in an interepidemic period during great while
without the receipt of leptospiras from a natural reservoir.Was
present the direct correlation between temperature of air and
level of morbidity of people (r=0,77) and the same between the
amount of precipitations and level of morbidity (r=0,79). Conclusion.
The
abiotic (climatic-ground terms, temperature of air, amount of
precipitations) and biotic factors (vegetation, quantity and
infected of rodents, and also other warm-blooded owners) of were
confirmed as nathural reservuar of leptospirosis. The difference
of soils acidity makes territorial division of disease, because
leptospira is survive in alkaline soils and die quickly in acid.
Keywords:
leptospirosis,
morbidity, Ternopil region.
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165-171
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ÏÎвÂÍßËÜÍÀ
ÖÈÒÎËÎò×ÍÀ IJÀÃÍÎÑÒÈÊÀ ÌÀÇʲ ÊÐβ ÏÐÈ ÁÀÁÅDzÉÍ²É ²ÍÔÅÊÖ²¯
Ïîõèë
Ñ.²., Òîðÿíèê ².²., Òèì÷åíêî Î.Ì., ×èãèðèíñüêà Í.À., Êîñòèðÿ ².À.
COMPARABE
CYTOLOGICAL
DIAGNOSTIC
OF
BLOOD
SMEARS
ON
BABESIA INFECTION
Pokhyl
S.².,
Torianik
².²., Tymchenko
Î.Ì.,Chygyrynska
N.À.,
Kostyria
².À.
In
last time Babesiosis as a tick-borne hemoprotozoans human disease
have a very important role in differentil diagnostics of modern
infectious medicine. It caused by protozon of the genus Babesia,
which invade and destory erythrocytes. Babesiosis olso has been
called tick fever. So, Babesia
has been known by other genus names, including Nuttallia,
Microbabesia, Babesialla, and
Gonderia.
Because all Babesia
species are piroplasms, a more inclusive term for anthropozoonotic
infections caused by these organisms would be piroplasmosis.They
detective complicacy are bild that, tick-borne disease agents from
prolongate life cycles involving arthropod and vertebrate host.
The complexity is enhanced by the diversity of hosts in different
biotopes, which depends on factors life type of vegetation,
climate and/or human influence, such as restoration of former
industrial sites, which leads to the development of new biotopes.
So, on the one hand, new habitats for plants and animals including
ticks, and nature are created. About the first case of babesiosis
infection was reported as a cause of human sickness in 1969 in
northeastern United State. Several hundred cases are now reported
from this region each year. The disease is characterized by a
grandual oncet of malaise with anorexia, fever, headaches,
myalgia, and other vague symptoms, which may persist for long
period. Occasionally dangerous fulminating infections occur
particularly in immunocompromised or aged individuals. The
purpose of the present research was to study of the cytological
diagnostic of blood smears from object’s with the Babesia
infection. Materials
and methods.
Blood smears (by Romanovsky- Gimze (standart), Wright’s
standart and staining, the author’s modification, 2014) of
domestic dogs (n = 31) of both sexes with Babesia infection at the
age from 3 months to 6 years served as the material for the study.
The preparations were fixed during 1-2 seconds with 96 % ethyl
alcohol. Then warmed (t = 36.0 ± 2.0)°Ñ commercial
matrix solutions of eosin, azure and methylene blue were applied
one by one. The smears were rinsed (1-2 seconds) in distilled
water and dehydrated. The procedure ended with short-term drying
in a diffused stream of warm dry air (Samsung house fan, power 220
W). The results were compared with intact control. Smears were
contrasted and analysed under a microscope LOMU (LOMO, Russia): x
300; x400; x1000; x1350 and photographed with a digital camera
“Canon EOS-3000”. Results.
Blood samples infected with Babesia species were collected
(may-october) from naturally (promenade in forest-park) tick-borne
infected dogs (Canis familiaris) in all Kharkov region and sity.
All (experimental) animals were monitored twice daily by
veterinary doctors for clinical signs and had rectal temperatures
taken (authors have a greate thankness for the cooperation and
consolidation Chif -Mr. Yu. V. Al’okhin and veterinary
personal of Kharkov Center of Clinical Veterinary). Blood was
drawn daily for hematocrit determination and peripheral blood
smear were made from ear vien blood to determine parasitemia
status. As result of the analysis of blood smears it was found out
that against a background of orange erythrocyte cytoplasm the
preparation area easily revealed crimson- and red-lilac pyriform
(n = 8-12 in the field of vision of the preparation), annular (n =
9-16 in the field of vision), amoebiform haemoparasites and those
with other shapes (Σ=13), thereby indicating a high level of
infection (81.8 %). Owing to their own chromatophilic feature,
protozoan cells looked geometrically marked and clearly contrasted
against a background of the saturated red-violet colour of nuclei.
The developed technique of staining facilitated: a more
qualitative analysis of ontogenetic staging (III) of Babesia
(trophozoites, merozoites, sporozoites); improvement of
differential diagnosis of the haemoparasites with blood platelets
(the latter were distinguished from cells of the causative agent
by the presence of marked ovaloid azurophilic granules in the
cytoplasm of young forms (Σ = 1-3 in the field of vision)
and azurophilic granularity in mature forms; better differential
diagnosis with intracellular inclusions (intraerythrocytic Cabot
rings, Howell–Jolly bodies); improved differential diagnosis
with solid elements of sediments of used stains (the above
artifacts were in a saturated dark blue or black colour and
observed very seldom). Conclusions.
By the results of the cytological diagnostic of blood smears it
was revealed that domestic dogs with clinically detected Babesia
infection had a high level of contaminaiton with parasites. In our
studies this level was 81.8 %. Has been established that using of
the blood smears by Romanovsky- Gimze in Wright’s the
author’s modification (2014) are very effective to extrimal
medecine and perspective for next clinical investigation.
Keywords:
babesia
infections, cytology, diagnostics
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172-179
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H.
Pylori
òà ãàñòðîïàò³ÿ
ïðè öóêðîâîìó
ä³àáåò³
Êîâàëü
Â.Þ.
H.
PYLORI AND GASTROPATHY IN DIABETES
Koval
V. Yu.
Over
the last 11 years the prevalence of diabetes in Ukraine has
increased rapidly – from 1.8 to 2.8%. This especially
concerns children and adolescents. The progression and
compensation of the diabetes depend on many factors. In
today’s medical literature the role of Helicobacter ðylori
in the development and progression of diabetic gastroparesis is
widely discussed. In addition, the issue of the necessity and
feasibility of H. Pylori eradication in these patients is also
keenly discussed. The results are rather contradictory. The
results of infection of H. ðylori, the peculiarities of
progression, the impact on the compensation of H. ðylori in
patients with diabetes of I and II type are provided in this
article. Materials
and methods.
The study included 52 patients with diabetes in which the
erythematous and erosive gastropathy were found during
fibrogastroduodenoscopy. The
diagnosis of diabetes was set according to the criteria of the
American Diabetes Association, year 2010. The patients were
treated at the gastroenterology and endocrinology department of
the A. Novak Uzhhorod Regional Clinical Hospital. Glycated
hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured in all of the patients. H. ðylori
was measured by a quick test for determining the Helicobacter
pylori antigen in the stool using the test system Cer Test Diotec
Sl., Spain. Results
and discussion. 65%
of the women and 35% of the men were studied. The group with type
I diabetes comprised of 76% women and 24% men, andwith type II
diabetes – 44% women and 56% men. The age of the patients
with type I diabetes – 44.5±3.79 years, type II
diabetes - 51±3.86. The study of the patients with type I
diabetes has shown the presence of helicobacter infection in 35%
of the patients. In
patients with type II diabetes the presence of H. ðylori antigen
in stool was found in 77% of the patients. In
patients with type I diabetes infected with H. ðylori (first
group) asthenoneurotic syndrome prevailed in the clinical
progression: general weakness in 83% of the infected with H.
ðylori, and in 91% H. ðylori in not infected patients with type I
diabetes. Weight loss was registered in 67% of the first group and
in 36% of the second group, dyspeptic syndrome: nausea in 71% (not
infected – 50%), vomiting – 43% (25%), heartburn –
57% (0%), constipation – 43% (50%), diarrhea – 21%
(25%). Dry mouth was registered in 67% of the patients with type I
diabetes infected with H. ðylori, and in 91% of not infected.
Polydipsia was registered correspondingly: in 52% of the patients
from group I, and in 82 % of the patients from group II. In
patients with type II diabetes infected with H. ðylori (third
group) the dyspeptic syndrome prevailed in the clinical
progression: nausea in 78% (not infected – 50%). Vomiting –
57% (21%), heartburn – 71% (25%), constipation – 43%
(50%), diarrhea – 28% (25%). Dry mouth was registered in 71%
of the patients with type II diabetes infected with H. ðylori, and
in 100% of not infected with H. ðylori (fourth group). Polydipsia
was registered correspondingly in 50% of the patients from the
third group and in 75% of the patients from the fourth group.
During the treatment the compensation of type I diabetes infected
with H. ðylori was registered in 42% of the patients, and not
infected with H. ðylori – 84% of the patients before the end
of the first week of treatment. In type II diabetes with
helicobacteriosis the compensation of the diabetes occurred in 29%
of the patients before the end of the week. In patients with type
II diabetes without helicobacteriosis the compensation was
registered in 75% of the patients. Conclusions.
1.
Helicobacteriosis was registered in 35% of the patients with type
I diabetes, and in 77% of the patients with type II diabetes. 2.
In patients with type I and type II diabetes infected with H.
ðylori nausea, heartburn, vomiting, general weakness and weight
loss are observed more often in the clinical progression. 3. The
presence of the helicobacter infection in patients with type I and
type II diabetes has a negative effect of the terms of diabetes
compensation on the background of treatment. 4. Taking into
account the relatively high incidence of helicobacter infection in
patients with diabetes it is necessary to include the
determination of the H. ðylori infection for differential
diagnostics with diabetic gastropathy.
Key
words: H.
ðylori,
diabetes, erythematous and erosive gastropathy.
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180-183
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ÎÖ²ÍÊÀ
ÅÔÅÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒ² ÇÀÑÒÎÑÓÂÀÍÍß ÄÅÊÀÑÀÍÓ, ÄÅÊÀÌÅÒÎÊÑÈÍÓ ÒÀ ÉÎÃÎ
ÊÎÌÏÎÇÈÖ²¯ Ó ÏÀÖ²ªÍÒ²Â Ç ÂÀÆÊÎÞ ÒÅÐ̲×ÍÎÞ ÒÐÀÂÌÎÞ
Íàçàð÷óê
Î.À., Íàãàé÷óê Â. ².
ESTIMATION
OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DECASAN, DECAMETHOXIN AND ITS COMPOSITION
USAGE IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE THERMAL INJURY
Nazarchuk
O. À.,
Nagajchuk V. I.
Introduction.
Nowadays victims with burn trauma are one of the most important
categories of patients in the emergent surgery. According to the
data of WHO burns happen in 5,6 – 10 % of cases among all
kinds of trauma. Purulent-inflammatory complications in these
patients are of great importance.The aim was to study
microbiological, clinical effectiveness of antiseptics,
antimicrobial composition of decamethoxin with modified
polysaccharides, antimicrobial materials in prophylaxis and
treatment of infectious complications in patients with burn
injury. Materials
and methods.
In the research microbiological study of antimicrobial activity of
modern antiseptics, antimicrobial materials against opportunistic
pathogens of purulent-inflammatory complications in patients with
difficult burn injury and clinical observation
of effectiveness of the use of antimicrobial composition (AMC) of
decamethoxin (DKM) with carboxymethylamylum, oxyethylcellulose,
polyvinilacetate. There were 130 patient with difficult burn
injury (the 3-
4
stages; injury square – 10,0
– 85,0 % of surface)
enrolled in the study. All patients underwent early surgery on the
2-3
day after trauma. Complex intensive care was provided to every
patient. Microbiological examinations of patients (100 %) were
carried out before antibacterial treatment and every 7 days during
treatment. Antimicrobial qualities of antiseptics (decasan,
miramistin, chlorhexidine digluconate) and AMC against S.
aureus (n
35),
S. epidermidis (n
12),
Enterococcus spp. (n
9), P.
aeruginosa (n
39), A.
baumannii
(n 54), Proteus
spp.
(n 16), Enterobacter
spp.
(n 11), K.
pneumoniae
(n 12), E.
coli
(n 9), C.
albicans
(n 7) were studied
according to standard methods. Antimicrobial qualities of
dressings, containing antiseptics we studied on clinical strains
of
S. aureus,
E. coli,
P.
aeruginosa
on dense medium, counting diameter of growth delay zones (mm). Results
and discussion.
Results
of study of sensitivity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative
pathogens of purulent-inflammatory complications in patients with
severe thermal injury to antiseptics (decasan, miramistin,
chlorhexidine) and antimicrobial composition of decamethoxin (AMC)
presented advantages of antimicrobial activity of decasan, AMC
against S.
aureus,
S. epidermidis,
Enterococcus spp.,
P.
aeruginosa,
A.
baumannii,
Proteus
spp.,
Enterobacter
spp.,
K.
pneumoniae,
E.
coli,
C.
àlbicans
in comparison with miramistin (<0,001), chlorhexidine
digluconate (<0,001). Antimicrobial qualities of antimicrobial
gauze, impregnated with AMC, against S.
àureus
(32,4±0,5
mm),
E. coli (26,4±0,3
mm),
P. aeruginosa
(20,8±0,34
mm)
were higher than in textile materials containing chlorhexidine.
Clinical effectiveness of the use of materials, impregnated with
AMC, for prophylaxis and treatment of purulent-inflammatory
complications in patients with severe thermal injury was proved.
Microbial load of P.
aeruginosa
in wounds, where gauze with AMC was used, decreased from 7,1 x 10 ^ 7 CFU/ml (before treatment) to 2,9 x 10^5
CFU/ml (7
day). In control group P.
aeruginosa
colonized wounds 1 x 10^8
CFU/ml (before treatment), and 3,2 x 10 ^7 CFU/ml (7
day). The same tendency was found for A.
baumannii. Conclusions.
Modern antiseptics decasan
and AMC have high antimicrobial qualities against Gram-positive
(S.
aureus,
S. epidermidis,
Enterococcus spp.),
Gram-negative (P.
aeruginosa,
A.
baumannii,
Proteus spp.,
E. coli,
K.
pneumoniae)
bacteria and C.
albicans
which cause purulent-inflammatory complications in patients with
difficult burn injury. AMC of decamethoxin demonstrate higher
antimicrobial effect against S.
aureus,
A.
baumannii,
P. aeruginosa,
Proteus
spp.,
E.
coli
in comparison with miramistin,
chlorhexidine digluconate (ð<0,001).
AMC using for impregnation of gauze and its use in patients with
burns provide high clinical effectiveness in wound infection
prophylaxis.
Key
words: antiseptics,
decasan, decamethoxin, antimicrobial composition, burns.
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184-190
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×ÓÒËȲÑÒÜ
ÄÎ ÀÍÒÈÁ²ÎÒÈʲÂ, ÀÍÒÈÑÅÏÒÈʲ ÍÎÇÎÊÎ̲ÀËÜÍÈÕ ØÒÀ̲ Pseudomonas
aeruginosa,
ÂÈIJËÅÍÍÈÕ Â ÓÐÎËÎò×ÍÈÕ ÕÂÎÐÈÕ
Ðèìøà
Î. Â.
SENSITIVITY
TO ANTIBIOTICS, ANTISEPTICAL NOSOCOMIAL PSEUDOMONAS
AERUGINOSA,
ISOLATED IN UROLOGICAL PATIENTS
Rymsha
E. V.
Introduction.
Given the active introduction into clinical practice of new
groups of antibiotics and antiseptics, the problem of treatment of
purulent-inflammatory complications after prostatectomy and today
is relevant. Of particular concern belated cases of diagnosis and
treatment of postoperative complications in urological practice
patients receiving antibiotic therapy The use of traditional
antibiotics is not prevents the development of infection, because
the problem of resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics and
antiseptics remains relevant. The solution to the problem of
development of infectious complications and prevent the formation
of resistant clinical strains largely depends on the isolated
pathogen, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents based on its
bioavailability , ability to spread and penetrate into cells and
tissues, selection of dose, interval, and route of administration
to maintain minimum bactericidal concentration. Material
and methods.
The
study involved 145 patients who were treated in the urology
Department of the Vinnytsia regional clinical hospital named of M.
I. Pirogov. Patients underwent the surgical treatment of benign
hypertrophic prostate. Material for bacteriological studies of
purulent-inflammatory diseases were urine, pieces of the prostate,
remote operationally, urinary catheters, through which conducted
irrigation of the bladder. Specimen collection, transportation was
carried out in accordance with modern requirements. Identification
was done by morphological, cultural and biochemical properties.
The definition of antibiotic resistance were performed according
to "guidelines for the definition of sensitivity of
microorganisms to antibiotics by the method of diffusion in agar
using discs" (No. 2675-83, Kiev, 2007) 12 .]. Evaluation of
the results of determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to
antibiotics was carried out on the basis of the determination of
the zone of growth (mm) of the studied cultures around the disks
with antibiotics. To explore sensitivity to antiseptics used
commercial samples drug Decesan® (decamethoxin) of 0.02%
solution ("YURI-PHARM", Ukraine), Miramistin® 0.01%
solution (benzyldimethyl-myristoylation-Propylamine chloride
monohydrate) (ZAO Pharmaceutical firm "Darnitsa") and
Chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine digluconate) 0.05% solution (PJSC
"Monfarm"). Comparative evaluation of sensitivity of
microorganisms to the test preparations was determined by the
minimum bactericidal concentration (MBsC) standard method, serial
dilutions of the drug in a liquid medium (µg⁄ml). Results
and discussion. Just
received 20 nosocomially strains of P.
àeruginosa.
Isolated strains had the typical morphology polymorphic thin
sticks, gramnegative on dense nutrient media formed a rounded,
translucent colonies with a smooth edge, with a blue-green
pigment. The biochemical properties referenceusa gram-negative
bacteria were determined using Neverlast-24 (PLIVA – Lachema
a. s. Brno, Czech Republic). The results of the determination of
antibiotics susceptibility of tested strains P.
aeruginosa. The
greatest activity against the studied strains of P. àeruginosa had
Meropenem, amikacin, ceftazidime and imipenem. Nimensa frequency
of resistant strains identified to Meropenem were insensitive to
10% of strains of P. aeruginosa. From resistant to Meropenem 6
strains had perekhresne resistance to imipenem. The second
activity with β-lactam antibiotics were identified
ceftazidime. Insensitive to it were 5%. Antoniniani penicillins
were less active than the carbapenems and ceftazidime.So resistant
to Pirillo/tazobactam were 30% of the isolates. The most frequent
combinations of stability were gentamicin – piperacillin
55,3%, gentamicin – piperacillin –
piperacillin/tazobactam 35%. One strain of P. aeruginosa possessed
simultaneously resistant to all antibiotics. Decesan
and Miramistin had the same sensitivity P.
aeruginosa
(62.5± 8.94 μg∕ ml and 62.5±16,04 μg∕
ml) For chlorhexidine MBsC 125 ± 8,88 μg∕ ml. Conclusion.
Resistance
nosocomial strains of P.
aeruginosa
at the present time is a serious clinical problem. Of all the
antibiotics, the lowest level of resistance was determined to
Meropenem. Antibacterial drugs, active against P.
aeruginosa
- Meropenem > amikacin > ceftazidime > imipenem >
ciprofloxacin > piperacillin/tazobactam > piperacillin >
gentamicin. Found that antibiotic-resistant strains of the
Pseudomonas had a low level of sensitivity to antiseptics.
Keywords:
P.
àeruginosa, resistance
urological
patients,
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191-194
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ÍÎÐÌÀËÜÍÀ
̲ÊÐÎÔËÎÐÀ ÍÎÑÎÃËÎÒÊÈ ßÊ ÐÅÇÅÐÂÓÀÐ ÏÎ˲ÐÅÇÈÑÒÅÍÒÍÈÕ ØÒÀ̲Â
ÇÁÓÄÍÈʲ ²ÍÔÅÊÖ²É ÂÅÐÕÍ²Õ ÄÈÕÀËÜÍÈÕ ØËßÕ²Â
̳íóõ³í
Â.Â., Êîâàëåíêî Í.²., Òêà÷åíêî Â.Ë., Çàìàç³é Ò.Ì., Ñàìóñåíêî Ñ.Î.,
Íåì÷èíîâè÷
Í.Ä., Øèáàºâà ².Á.
NORMAL
NASOPHARYNGEAL MICROFLORA AS A RESERVOIR OF MULTIRESISTANT STRAINS
OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
Minukhin
V.V., Kovalenko N.I., Tkachenko V.L., Zamazi³
T.M.,
Sàmusenko
S.A., Nemchinovich N.D., Shibaeva I.B.
Nasopharinheal
carriage of bacteria may play a central role in the development
and spread of respiratory infections. In addition, so-called
"healthy" carriage is often transformed under the
influence of various factors into an active infection.It is
necessary to take into account not only the range of possible
pathogens, but also trends in the development of antibiotic
resistance of leading etiologic agents while choosing tactics of
antimicrobial therapy. The investigation was designed to study the
role of normal microflora of the nasopharynx as a reservoir of
resistant strains of respiratory infections. Materials
and Methods.
Fifty three healthy individuals and 168 patients with acute upper
respiratory tract infections who had been treated in CEHC "Kharkiv
Municipal Clinical Hospital ¹ 30" were examined.
Microbiological study included isolation and identification of
pathogens in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health
Care ¹ 535 from 22.04.1985., determination of the sensitivity of
microorganisms to antibiotics by
diffusion
method according to the Order of the Ministry of Health Care of
Ukraine ¹ 167 from 05.04.2007. Results
and discussion.
Bacteriological study of nasal swabs of healthy people showed that
the composition of the microflora of the nasopharynx contained
potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Among the isolated
microorganisms essential place was occupied by S. epidermidis and
S. aureus, both in monoculture and association. Epidermal
staphylococcus was isolated in 36 % and Staphylococcus aureus in
27% of cases. Pneumococcus and hemolytic streptococcus of group A
were isolated in 23 and 14% of cases, respectively. One hundred
and eighty strains of opportunistic microorganisms were isolated
in the study of nasopharyngeal microflora of patients with acute
upper respiratory tract infection. The leading role belonged to S.
pyogenes (40.5%) and S.epidermidis (33,3%). S. aureus (12,8%) and
S.pneumoniae (10,6%) were next according to. The share of K.
pneumoniae was within 2.8%. Research of sensitivity of selected
strains to antibiotics in vitro showed correlation of indices
between microorganisms isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy
people and patients with acute respiratory infection. Thus,
sensitivity to amoxicillin S.epidermidis, S. pneumoniae and S.
pyogenes, isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy people was
81,8-84,2%, while low sensitivity to this antibiotic (66,7-83,6 %
of isolated strains) was found for these microorganisms isolated
from ill people. A similar trend was observed for isolated
staphylococci and streptococci to clindamycin, doxycycline and
ceftazidime. And on the contrary, the high activity of
fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone was observed for
all microorganisms. I.e., the carriage in the nasopharynx of
opportunistic pathogens with acquired antibiotic resistance is an
important factor in the development of acute respiratory
infections. Conclusion.
1. Facultative anaerobic microflora of nasopharynx of healthy
people and patients with acute upper respiratory tract infections
include opportunistic microorganisms, such as S.epidermidis, S.
aureus, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. 2. Bacteria, isolated from
the nasopharynx of healthy people and patients with acute upper
respiratory tract infections, are characterized by high levels of
resistance to antibiotics of therapeutic purposes. There is a
correlation between antibiotic-resistant strains circulating in a
healthy population and sensitivity to antibiotics of pathogens of
acute respiratory infections. 3. Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin,
ofloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol may be used as drugs of
choice for the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract
infections.
Keywords:
nasopharyngeal
microflora, antibiotics, respiratory tract infections.
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195-199
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ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ
ÀÄÃÅÇÈÂÍÈÕ ÂËÀÑÒÈÂÎÑÒÅÉ ËÀÊÒÎÁÀÖÈË -Ê˲Ͳ×ÍÈÕ ²ÇÎËßҲ ÒÀ
ÑÊËÀÄÍÈʲ Á²ÎÏÐÅÏÀÐÀÒ²Â
Ëàâðèê
Ã.Ñ.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF ADHESIVE PROPERTIES OF LACTOBACILLUS - CLINICAL ISOLATES AND
COMPONENTS OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
Lavryk
G.
Lactobacilli
detected in all biotopes of digestive tract, starting from the
mouth and ending with the colon, is the dominant flora of vaginal
biotope. Their adhesiveness to epithelial cells leads to survive
in conditions of microorganism biotopes and to
form
biofilm, thus mediating passive antagonism against conditionally
pathogenic bacteria. Colonization resistance provides a set of
mechanisms that provide individual anatomical stability and normal
microflora. It
is experimentally
confirmed that lactobacilli provide biotopes colonization
resistance of the human body due to competitive inhibition and
coagregation
of
allochthonous microorganisms. It
is important to consider the fact that probiotics should not
compete with autochthonous microflora, which is always more
physiological for each individual than most valuable exogenous
bacteria, even with the greatest potential beneficial properties.
The probiotic activity should be directed to the main target
bacterial therapy, which is to restore physiological ecological
community. The aim of research was to compare the adhesive
properties of lactobacilli - clinical isolates of probiotic
preparations and ingredients to the buccal epithelium cells and
erythrocytes 0 (1) of the blood group system AB0 person. Materials
and methods.
The
object of the research were clinical strains of Lactobacillus spp.
selected from the mouth, intestines, vagina healthy people. At the
the species identification of lactic acid bacteria were taken into
account morphological and cultural properties, aerotolerance. The
carbohydrate profile was determined using the test system API-50SN
L (Bio-Merieux), lack of catalase activity. The ability of
allocated bacteria to adhesion were observed in erythrocytes 0 (1)
blood and buccal epithelium cells by human Brilis VI and oth. For
comparison were used probiotic strains L.
rlantarum
8P-A3, L.acidophilus
KS 400, Lactobacillus
reuteri DSM 17938. The effectiveness of adhesion was assessed by
index microorganism adhesion (I) - the average number of
microorganism on one epithelial cells that is involved in the
adhesion - determined by the formula = IAM (SPA × 100) / K.
We determined this rate when calculating under the microscope 50
buccal cells/erythrocytes. Results
and discussion. We
received 102 strains of lactobacilli including 32 oral, 41
intestinal and 29 vaginal isolates. In species composition among
isolates from all biotopes were dominated such Lactobacillus
species: L.acidophilus
(15 strains from the mouth, intestine – 12, vaginal - 9),
respectively
L.plantarum
(4, 6, 3), L.fermentum
(5, 10, 8), L.
rhamnosus
(4, 3, 6), L.casei
(4, 7, 3). The only type L.brevis
(3) just stood out from the intestine.
During
the research it was found that indicators of lactobacilli
adhession to buccal epithelium cells and erythrocytes 0 (1) blood
are different between each other. Almost all of lactobacilli
isolates showed high activity and high adhesive on the buccal
epithelium. Highly adhesive appeared to be vaginal lactobacilli
isolates 4,19±0,06. Among intestinal isolates the most
pronounced adhesion to buccal epithelial showed L.casei
4,66±0,04, L.acidophilus
4,13±0,08. In isolated mouthes of L.acidophilus
and L.plantarum
adhesive activity almost identical (4,12±0,07 and
4,10±0,08).
It
should be noted that the level of adhesion of lactobacilli to red
blood cells is much lower than the buccal epithelium. Thus, the
adhesion index of L.acidophilus,
which were isolated from different biotopes to the buccal
epithelium was 4,15±0,03, and - according to erythrocytes
2,50±0,01 (p>0,05).
Almost
all strains isolated from the intestines and vagina showed high
adhesiveness to erythrocyte 2 ± 0,03 and 2,14 ± 0,02
accordingly; except L.casei
of intestinal origin and L.plantarum,
isolated from the vagina, which amounted IAM 3 ± 0,03 and
2,53 ± 0,08. In probiotic strains of Lactobacillus was
observed a similar situation, but with a less expressed difference
in the adhesion index on buccal epithelium and erythrocytes. The
greatest adhesion observed in
L.reuteri
DSM 17 938 5,18± 0,03. Conclusion
1.
There were isolated from different biotopes of the human body 5
dominant species of lactobacilli: L.
acidophilus, L. fermentum, L. casei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus.
L.brevis
was only distinguished from the intestine. 2. High adhesiveness
was observed for strain
L. casei,
L.plantarum,
isolated, both from the mouth and from the vagina, indicating a
high affinity of shell structures specified types of lactobacilli
in the appropriate structures of buccal epithelium. The highest
adhesion to isolates from the digestive tract to found types
L.casei.
Received direct correlative relationship between an index of
adhesion on buccal epithelium and erythrocytes. These data confirm
that the adhesiveness is more strain feature than species. 3. In
the absence of clinical manifestations of dysbiotic changes
(especially in infants)to limit the use of probiotic preparations
"prophylactically" as high adhessive probiotic strains
may displace or inhibit the formation of its own microflora. 4. It
is an open question of the effectiveness of some bio therapeutic
drugs, the result of which is to replace Lactobacillus
auto strains to the probiotic strains in natural habitats of the
human body.
Key
words:
lactobacilli, adhesion, buccal epithelium, erythrocytes
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200-203
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²ÌÓÍÎËÎòß
(IMMUNOLOGY)
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THE
CHANGE IN THE LEVEL OF CYTOKINES IN BLOOD AND SYNOVIAL FLUID IN
THE POSTTRAUMATIC PERIOD OF PATIENTS WITH DEFORMING OSTEOARTHROSIS
AS CONTINUOUS CHRONIC DISEASE
Velichkina A.B., Naêhaev
V.I., Yarygin N. V., Duzhinskaya U.V.
The
actual problem of the modern approach to the management of
patients with traumatic injuries with the purpose of forecasting,
prevention and treatment of post-traumatic conditions, is to
evaluate in this period, the dynamics of cytokine profile
circulating in synovial fluid, and the patterns of their
production by mononuclear cells of the victims of this profile.Material
and Methods.
In accordance with the purpose and objectives of this study 144
patients with post-traumatic arthrosis (with a history of traumas
of a various nature) in age from 23 to 64 years (average age
43,2±5,7) were examined. Out of all examined patients men
was 63 (43.7 per cent), women - 81 (56,3%). As the control group,
18 relatively healthy people aged from 30 to 57 years (average age
45,5±4,3) were examined. All of the examined person,
depending on the stage of post-traumatic arthrosis, (acute and
chronic classification) were divided into 4 groups. The 1st group
consisted of 48 patients with 1st stage of deforming
osteoarthrosis, 2nd - 38 patients with stage 2nd stage of
deforming osteoarthrosis, 3-th - 35 patients with 3rd stage of
deforming osteoarthrosis, 4th - 23 patients with 4th stage of
deforming osteoarthrosis. Investigations were carried out at the
time of hospitalization prior medical interventions. During the
research the following methods were used: clinical, physical,
instrumental, follow-up, radiation (MRI, CT, R-graphy),
endoscopic, laboratory. The synovial fluid from the affected knee
was received during medical diagnostic puncture. The definition of
Pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a in the blood
serum and synovial fluid of the knee joint performed by ELISA on
the immunofermental analyzer Abbott AXSYM" using standard
kits ProCon ("Protein contour", St. Petersburg, Russia).
Data were processed statistically using Student's t-test. Results
and Discussion.
Analysis of the results of determination of IL-1R in the serum of
patients DK showed that in all stages of the disease, in addition
to IV, the contents of this cytokine exceeded the control values
in varying degrees of severity. The highest levels of IL-1R in
blood serum was revealed in patients with 1st stage of deforming
osteoarthrosis. Then downwards in the following order : in
patients with 2nd , 3rd and finally, 4th stage of disease on
average, respectively, he was 234,4±12,4; 198,7±16,6;
88,2±6,15 (in all cases p<0.05) and 47.4±4,45
PCG/ml. While the levels of IL-1R in the serum of patients with
the 1st stage of the disease was 4.0 times; stage 2 - 3.4 times;
the third stage is 1.5 times higher than in control. And only in
patients with stage 4 of deforming osteoarthrosis contents IL-1R
did not differ from the control. A similar pattern was observed
when determining the contents of TNF-a in the serum of patients
with deforming osteoarthrosis, and only in contrast to the level
of IL-1R in patients with 4th stage of deforming osteoarthrosis
contents of TNF-and remained significantly higher than in control.
So, the content of TNF-a in patients with of deforming
osteoarthrosis of the I, II, III and IV stage of disease on
average, respectively, amounted to 330,7±24,5; 210,5±17,3;
123,4±15,3 and 98,5±12,7 PCG/ml (in all cases
p<0.05) Conclusion.
The
results obtained in a comparative study of contents of
proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a) in the blood
serum and synovial fluid at various stages of deforming
osteoarthrosis showed that the determination of the spectrum of
cytokines in the hearth of the pathological process, in our
opinion, is the most perspective and can be a key marker for early
detection of damage and organizations of the active preventive
measures of deformation processes in the joints in the early post
traumatic period of the accident victims, mainly affecting the
lower limbs.
Key
words: cytokine
interleukin (s), tumor necrosis factor, synovial fluid, deforming
osteoarthrosis
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204-208
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ÀÑÑÎÖÈÀÖÈß
ÏÎËÈÌÎÐÔÈÇÌÀ ÃÅÍÀ C159T ÐÅÖÅÏÒÎÐÀ CD14
È
ÀÍÒÈÝÍÄÎÒÎÊÑÈÍÎÂÎÃÎ ÈÌÌÓÍÈÒÅÒÀ Ó ÏÀÖÈÅÍÒÎÂ Ñ
ÐÅÔÐÀÊÒÅÐÍÎÉ/ÊÎÐÒÈÊÎÑÒÅÐÎÈÄ-×ÓÂÑÒÂÈÒÅËÜÍÎÉ ÀÑÒÌÎÉ
Áèñþê
Þ. À., Êóð÷åíêî À.È., Êîíäðàòþê Â.Å., Äóáîâîé À.È.
ASSOCIATION
OF POLYMORPHISM OF C159T GENE OF CD14 RECEPTOR AND ANTIENDOTOXIN
IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY / CORTICOSTEROIDS-SENSITIVE
ASTHMA
Bisyuk
Yu.A., Kurchenko A.I., Kondratiuk V.E., Dubovyi A. I.
Introduction.
The
refractory
asthma refers to the phenotype, which is characterized by severe
persistent course with frequent exacerbations and resistance to
corticosteroid therapy. This phenotype of asthma can be related to
C159T
polymorphism of CD14 receptor gene. Material
and methods.
There
were studied the C159T polymorphism of CD14 gene in 331 patients
with bronchial asthma. The control group consisted of 285 healthy
individuals of Crimea. The C159T gene polymorphism of CD14 was
detected by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with
electrophoretic detection. The distribution of genotypes was
checked according to the law of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by
using Fisher's exact test and χ2. There was used logistic
regression to determine the difference in the frequency of
genotypes and alleles. Results
and discussion. In
our study have been identified 291 patients with
corticosteroid-sensitive and 40 with refractory asthma. The
genotype distribution of control (CC – 34%, CT – 51%,
CT – 15%) and patients with corticosteroid-sensitive asthma
(CC – 29%, CT – 53%, CT – 18%) were in
accordance with the law of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and did not
significantly differ (χ2 = 2.204, P = 0.332). There were no
significant differences when comparing the allele and genotype
frequencies by using risk allele T and C model.
In
the control group the frequency distribution of genotypes CC –
34%, CT – 51%, TT – 15% did not differ significantly
(χ2 = 3.540, P = 0.170) from refractory asthma (CC –
52%, CT – 35%, CT – 13%). The risk analysis for the T
allele showed that the frequency of CT+TT genotype in patients
with refractory asthma (49%) was significantly lower (OR = 0.467,
CI = [0.240-0.910], χ2 = 5.17, p = 0.023) compere to control
(66 %). In turn, the difference of allelic frequencies for the
control and patients with persistent asthma did not differ
significantly (p = 0.076).
The
content of anti-endotoxin antibody of class A in patients with
corticosteroid-sensitive asthma in serum and induced sputum did
not differ significantly (p> 0.05) from control. The
anti-ET-IgM was significantly higher (<0.001) in the control
group for all genotypes, while genotype TT contents of this
immunoglobulin was significantly higher (p <0.05) compare to CC
genotype. The concentration of anti-ET-IgG for the studied
genotypes was significantly higher (p <0.05) compare to the
control group. Patients with TT genotype had the highest content
of sCD14 in serum and induced sputum, which was significantly
different (p <0,05) compare to control values and CC+CT
genotypes.
Levels of Anti-ET-IgA and anti-ET-sIgA in patients with refractory
asthma did not differ significantly (p> 0.05) from control
group. The content of anti-ET-IgM and serum sCD14 in patients with
CC and CT genotypes were significantly higher (p <0,05) compare
to control and did not differ significantly (p> 0,05) for TT
genotype ones. The concentration of anti-ET-IgG and sCD14 in
induced sputum was significantly higher (p <0,05) compare to
control, but did not differ between genotypes. Conclusion.
In
a population of Crimea the risk of refractory asthma significantly
reduced (OR = 0.467, CI = [0.240-0.910], p = 0.023) in the
presence of CT or TT genotype of C159T polymorphism of CD14
receptor gene. The corticosteroid-sensitive asthma patients with
TT genotype of CD14 receptor had high concentration of
anti-endotoxin IgM and sCD14.
Key
words: bronchial
asthma, endotoxin, C159T polymorphism of CD14
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209-214
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ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ²
ÏÎÐÓØÅÍÜ ÃÓÌÎÐÀËÜÍί
ËÀÍÊÈ ²ÌÓͲÒÅÒÓ Ó ÕÂÎÐÈÕ ÕÐÎͲ×ÍÈÉ ÒÎÍÇÈË²Ò ÏÐÈ ÍÀßÂÍÎÑÒ²
ÖÓÊÐÎÂÎÃΠIJÀÁÅÒÓ ÒÀ ¯Õ ÊÎÐÅÊÖ²ß
Âäîâ³÷åíêî
Í.²., Òóïîò³ëîâ Î.Â., Áîéêî À.À., Êîëÿäà Î.Ì.
CORRECTION
OF
HUMORAL IMMUNITY DYSFUNCTIONS
IN
PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TONSILLITIS AND
DIABETES MELLITUS
Vdovichenko
N.I., Tupotilov O.V., Boyko A.A., Kolyada
O.M.
In
the therapy of various forms of chronic
tonsillitis
(CT) were used as
immunomodulatory
agents
Respibron
and Licopid.
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (also known as type 1 diabetes, or T1DM)
is one of the important factors that could
significantly
complicate the therapy of chronic tonsillitis.
T1DM
is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from the autoimmune
destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
The aim of our study was to explore the
dynamics
of immunologic indicators during the active
disease
and treatments in patients with various forms of chronic
tonsillitis, including tonsillitis
complicated
with T1DM. Materials
and methods.
64
patients with various forms of chronic tonsillitis
in
active period of disease observed during the study.
Patients
were divided into the following groups: 21persons
with the compensate form of CT
(CTC),
24
persons with the decompensate
form of CT
(CTD) and
9 persons with the
decompensate
form of CT complicated with T1DM
(CTD+
T1DM).
The control group consisted of 15
apparently
healthy persons. Concentrations of sIgA
and IgA
in the oropharyngeal secret were determined by the method of
radial
immune
diffusion by Manchini. Lysozyme
content was determined using the test system "Lysozyme"
("Reakompleks",
Russia).
Levels
of
lactoferrin and
SLPI
in the oropharyngeal secret of patients were
evaluated
using ELISA test systems
of "BioChemMack",
Russia. Patients of group CTC
were divided into subgroups CTC1
and
CTC2,
depending on the applied treatment. Both
subgroups
treated with standard therapy for two weeks,
on the fifteenth day of therapy patients
of subgroup
CTC2
received
Respibron
during
10
days
by 1 tablet once a day and
Licopid
during
10
days
by 1 mg
once a day.
Similarly patients
of group CTD
were divided into subgroups CTD1
and
CTD2.
Patients
of subgroup
CTD2
received
therapy
according to the scheme of CTC2.
Patients
of group CTD+
T1DM divided into subgroups
CTD1+
T1DM
and CTD2+
T1DM.
Patients
of subgroup
CTD2+
T1DM
received
therapy
according to the scheme of CTC2.
The
effectiveness of the treatment was
assessed
by the general state of the patients according to
oropharyngoscopy
and
humoral immunity after 45 days of observation. Statistical
analysis of
the
results was performed using the Mann-Whitney U
test.
According to the accepted level of reliability index
value
between the groups (p), which constituted or were
less
than 0.05.
Results
and discussion. As
a result of immunological studies, it was determined that the
exacerbation of chronic process in oropharyngeal mucosa is
characterized by immunological failure, such as reduced levels of
sIgA, IgA and IgG in the
oropharyngeal secret.
Content
of SLPI in patients with CT
before
treatment was significantly below control values.
Lysozyme level before treatment was significantly reduced in
groups CTD and CTD+T1DM.
Lactoferrin level was increased in groups CTC and CTD, but in
group CTD+
T1DM it
was reduced. According to our study, patients with CT combined
with diabetes had reduced levels of sIgA, IgA, lysozyme,
lactoferrin and SLPI, but elevated levels of IgG. After standard
therapy content of almost all measured parameters in experimental
groups differed from controls. The level of sIgA was reduced
relative to control group and before treatment. IgA level was
reduced in the group CTD1 + T1DM
relative control, but significantly higher relative indicators
before treatment in groups CTD1and CTD1 + T1DM.
The level of IgG in groups CTC1and CTD1 was increased relative to
control group and in groups before treatment. In the group CTD1 +
T1DM
levels of IgG were decreased relative before treatment, but were
higher than the control. The level of lysozyme after standard
therapy did not differ from the control except group CTD1 + T1DM
and was significantly higher than the corresponding values
before
treatment in all groups. The level of lactoferrin in groups CTC1
and CTD1 did not differ from control, but significantly different
from the values before
treatment. In the group CTD1 + T1DM
lactoferrin level was reduced relative to control, but had
dynamics other than groups without diabetes. In CTC1 and CTD1
groups its level before treatment was increased and after the
therapy was decreased, in group CTD1 + T1DM
we observed the opposite trend. The level of SLPI in all groups
was reduced relative to control, but significantly higher than
before treatment. Patients
of groups CTC2, CTD2 and CTD2 + T1DM
in addition to standard therapy on the fifteenth day of therapy
received "Respibron" and "Licopid." The level
of sIgA in groups without diabetes did not differ from the control
group and in group CTD2 + T1DM
was reduced relative to control, but significantly higher than
before treatment and in group CTD1 + T1DM
that shows the influence of immunomodulatory agents. IgA levels
did not differ from the control in all groups. The level of IgG in
groups CTC2 and CTD2 was increased relative to control and
indicators before treatment, in group CTD2 + T1DM
IgG levels decreased relative before treatment. Lysozyme and
lactoferrin level after treatment with immunomodulators did not
differ from controls in all groups. The level of SLPI in groups
CTD2and CTD2 + T1DM
was reduced relative to control but significantly higher than
before treatment. Clinical and immunological evaluation of complex
treatment of patients with CT in acute stage by proposed scheme
including preparations "Respibron" and "Licopid"
and also with T1DM
in the anamnesis showed the effectiveness of its use.
Keywords:
chronic
tonsillitis, diabetes, immunoglobulins, secretory leukocyte
protease inhibitor, immunomodulation
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215-219
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ÊÎÍÖÅÍÒÐÀÖÈß
ÖÈÐÊÓËÈÐÓÞÙÈÕ ÈÌÌÓÍÍÛÕ ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑÎÂ ÏÐÈ ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒÀËÜÍÎÌ
ÃÅÍÅÐÀËÈÇÎÂÀÍÍÎÌ ÂÎÑÏÀËÈÒÅËÜÍÎÌ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÅ Ó ÆÈÂÎÒÍÛÕ ÐÀÇÍÎÃÎ
ÂÎÇÐÀÑÒÀ ÏÎÄ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅÌ ÈÌÌÓÍÎÌÎÄÓËßÒÎÐÎÂ
Êîâàëåíêî
Ò.È. ,Êëèìîâà Å. Ì.,Ìèíóõèí
Â.Â.
CONCENTRATION
OF CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN EXPERIMENTAL GENERALIZED
INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN ANIMALS OF DIFFERENT AGE UNDER ACTION OF
IMMUNOMODULATORS.
Kovalenko
T.I.,
Klimova
Ye.M., Minukhin V.V.
Under
physiological conditions a formation and a presence of the CEC in
liquids is one of the manifestations of the immune response to
receipt of antigens and an important factor, which provides
immunity. Circulating immune complexes act as agents involved in
the regulation of immune response and maintaining communication
between the immune system and other regulatory systems of the body
and direction to his defense. The intensity of the formation of
the CEC may vary under the influence of infectious antigens and
immune preparations. Material
and methods.
Material for the experiment were white male rats 3 months of age
("young") weighing 100 -140gr. (n = 40) and 22-month
("old") weighing 200 -240 g. (n = 40). And the first
(n=10) and second (n=10) groups of rats served as controls. Third
(n=15) and fourth (n=15) group of animals was injected
intraperitoneal daily agar culture of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
¹ 27835 ATCC (injected with 1.5 ml suspension of bacteria, which
contained 109 CFU/ml). Fifth (n=15) and sixth (n=15) groups of
animals were injected intraperitoneally daily agar culture of
Escherichia
coli
number 25592, ATCC (injected with 1.5 ml of bacteria suspension
which contain 109 CFU/ml). Control animals were taken from the
experiment by decapitation 3 day – n=20. Control and infected animals were taken from the
experiment by decapitation at 3
day - n=27, 5
day – n=27 and 7 day – n=26. In the second phase of the experiment Ia (n = 6)
and IIa (n = 6) were the control group of rats following
administration of the experimental composite preparation
consisting amino acids, nucleotides, enzymes, vitamins (MF). In
two age groups of animals with inflammation induced by E. coli
suspension treated with MF 20 mñl 3-month rats (IIIa group n = 6)
and 40 mñl 22-month rats (IVa group n = 6). Ib (n = 6) and
IIb (n = 6) were the control group of rats after the injection of
comparison, containing mannitol and natural antioxidant
betakaroten (PO). In two age groups of animals with inflammation
induced by E. coli suspension treated with PO 0,5 ml 3-month
rats (IIIb group n = 6) and 1 ml 22-month rats (IVb group n = 6).
Control animals were taken from the experiment by decapitation on
3 day - n = 12. Infected animals were taken from the experiment by
decapitation on 3
day - n = 12 and 7
day - n = 12. Results
and discussion.
One of the biological functions of the immunoglobulins is
neutralization antigens to form circulating immune complexes. In
the work it was shown that the induction of inflammation of
P.aeruginosa
and E.coli
suspension in experimental animals of two age groups led to the
increase of the CEC in serum compared to control animals. After
administration experimental composite preparation comprising amino
acids, nucleotides, enzymes and vitamins (MF) in young animals
with inflammation induced by E.
coli
suspension was revealed an increase the CEC, compared with an
older group of animals throughout the experiment. When adding
formulation containing mannitol and natural antioxidant
betacarotene (ÐÎ), in the animals two age groups intensity CEC
formation depended on the sequence of adding of suspension
E. coli
and immunomodulator PÎ. Was revealed elevated levels of CEC only,
in those animals which immunocorrector PÎ was given to induce an
inflammatory response. Conclusion.
In
the control group of animals older age (22 months) the CEC
concentration was 2 times lower than in the young (3 months)
control animals. After the action of bacterial suspensions
P.aeruginosa
and E.coli
formation CEC intensity was significantly increased in both age
groups of experimental animals, indicating the activation of
antigen binding immunoglobulin infection. The action of the
immunocorrective composite peptide drug MF significantly inhibited
the formation of the CEC only in older animals throughout the
experiment. With the addition of immunocorrector PÎ revealed
increase of the CEC in young and old animals to induce
inflammatory of bacterial suspension E.coli.
Keywords:
immune
complexes,
generalized
inflammatory process, immunomodulators
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220-223
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ÎÃËßÄ
Ê˲Ͳ×ÍÈÕ ÂÈÏÀÄʲÂ
ÌÅÄÈÊÀÌÅÍÒÎÇÍÈÕ
ÀËÅÐò×ÍÈÕ ÐÅÀÊÖ²É Ó ÕÂÎÐÈÕ ÍÀ ÃÎÑÒв ÐÅÑϲÐÀÒÎÐͲ ÇÀÕÂÎÐÞÂÀÍÍß
Ñèäîð÷óê
À.Ñ., Áîãà÷èê Í.À., Ñîêîë À.Ì., Âåíãëîâñüêà ß.Â., Êîñò³íà Í.Â.
REVIEW
OF CLINICAL CASES OF DRUG ALLERGIC
REACTIONS
IN
PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS
Sydorchuk
A.S.,
Bogachyk N.A.,
Sokol
A.M.,
Venglovs’ka
Ya.V.,
Kostina
N.V.
Introduction.
Problem of drug-induced allergic reaction is especially actual
both in well-developing countries as well as in countries of
Eastern European region. By the WHO data, distribution of allergy
is up to 30 %, and main reasons for that are increasing of
pharmaceuticals consumption by a person, change of nutrition style
towards more chemicals synthetic substitutions. Generally, a
quantity of Europeans with allergy reach 150 mln. Reactions of
hypersensitivity to medications is so serious discussion question
among physicians and their patients, since it is the most
important reason to stop treatment and for refuse remedies.
Authors hope, that presenting here clinical material will bring
benefit both clinicians and patients like cases of drug-induced
allergic reactions due to self-prescribed treatment (antipyretics,
antibiotics). Thus, this research paper aimed to analyze the
clinical cases of drug-induced allergy in patients with acute
respiratory illnesses, which had admitted to Infectious diseases
department of Municipal Clinical Hospital of Chernivtsi city
(Ukraine). Materials
& Methods.
Descriptional clinical study enrolled six clinical cases of
drug-induced allergy in male patients admitted in different time
to the Infectious Diseases Department of Municipal Clinical
Hospital of Chernivtsi city (Ukraine) with clinical manifestation
and epidemiological data of acute respiratory viral infections.
Mostly cases of drug-induced allergy confirmed by the indirect
immune-termomistry for determination of role of a drug.
Results
& discussion.
First case in male 52 years old patient with signs of polymorphic
exudative erythema induced by pills against common cold named
«Coldflu». Patient had manifestation clinical features
of acute respiratory viral infection and was hospitalized to the
Department of Droplet infections for detoxicative and
desensitization treatment. Within few days his infectious problem
had solved, nevertheless skin rash still need care, and he had
referred to Dermatologic dispensary to continue his treatment.
Another 48 years old patient presented on a second day of common
cold the big spotted rash after once taking of the same drug
«Coldflu». He continued to use the drug even oftener
and the rash distributed more over all skin covers, and big spots
became dark reddish and with cyanotic tone. Immediately he
transferred to the Hospital with chief complaints on dyspnea,
high-grade fever 390C,
and general weakness. Objectively: severe state, he has a few
ulcers 0.2-0.3 mm on mucous membranes of oral cavity. His skin
over trunk fully covered with generalized rash elements elevated
over surface. His treatment included prednisolon 60 mg i/v,
enterosorbent, detoxication therapy i/v, gluconate calcium,
hepatoprotector per os. Third case induced by aspirin use and
characterized by small spotty rash on back and extremities. Three
more cases induced by antibiotics consumption: one is in 28 years
old male after prescription of amoxiclav by general practitioner –
macula-papula rash appeared on hands; two more case induced by
ampicillin pills used per os. Generally, the drug-induced allergy
the most frequently happens on antibiotics. The finally,
biotransformation of drugs and immune pathogenesis is not clear
up, but assumed the mentioned above, we may imagine next scenario:
for stimulating null T-lymphocytes, dendric cells firstly
processing antigen. Later it transported to regional lymph nodes,
where antigen must presenting to null T-cells. Antigen-specific
T-cells migrates to target organs, and after repeated influence of
antigen, they activated and start secreted cytokines that
regulated reactions and cytotoxins (granulosin, perforins) which
proper lead to tissue damage. Conclusions.
Thus,
problem of allergy is global, self-prescribed treatment and
uncontrolled use of medications generally assist for occurrence of
drug-induced allergy clinical cases (here «Ñoldflu»,
«Aspirin», «Amoxiclav», «Ampicillin»).
Important
is repeated «meeting» with provoking antigens, as well
as role of certain immune dysfunction in patients with acute
respiratory viral infection (especially caused by influenza
viruses) must be present too. Skin allergy manifestation in
described clinical cases include generalized exudative polymorphic
erythema, allergic dermatitis of extremities, systemic disorders
(dyspnea, hyperthermia, arterial hypotension).
Key
words: drug-induced
allergy, self-treatment, acute respiratory viral infection, skin
rash.
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224-227
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ÐÎËÜ
ÁÀÊÒÅвÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÔÀÊÒÎÐÓ ÒÀ ²ÌÓÍÎËÎò×ÍÈÕ ÇÌ²Í ÏÐÈ ÍŲÍÔÅÊÖ²ÉÍÈÕ
ÇÀÕÂÎÐÞÂÀÍÍßÕ Ì²ÊÐÎÁÍÎÃÎ ÃÅÍÅÇÓ
Êîðí³é÷óê
Î.Ï., Òèìê³â Ì.Ç., Ìåëüíèê Î.Â., Âîðîáåöü Ç.Ä.
THE
ROLE OF BACTERIAL FACTOR AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ÑHANGES
IN NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES OF MICROBIAL ORIGIN
Korniychuk
O.P., Tymkiv M.Z., Melnyk O.V., Vorobets Z.D.
Introduction.
Today
during the study of the development mechanisms of any somatic
disease possible participation of the microorganism as trigger
factor or its influence on the course of the disease or
development of complications is considered. Microflora
participation in the etiopathogenesis of noninfectious diseases
allows to divide the latest into the following groups: Naturally,
the first aspects of the study of the role of microorganisms in
the development of noninfectious diseases are pathological
processes developing in the organs and systems of the body, which
are natural biotope, particularly gastrointestinal tract. The
imbalance in the functioning of the macroorganism (stress, poor
diet) causes changes in the composition of endogenous microcenosis
and therefore dysbiosis. Thus changes in the hormonal homeostasis,
immunoreactivity, in the hypothalamic-adrenal system, speed of
peristalsis of the intestines are observed, the overgrowth
syndrome in the small intestine developes. A classic disease of a
group of diseases that are accompanied by the development of
erosive conditions are Helicobacter pylori - associated ulcerous
disease of 12 duodenal ulcer. Diseases
of the colon digestive canal can be divided into 2 groups
- ulcerative
colitis and tumors. Escherichia are the main representatives of
facultative anaerobic microflora
of the colon and are involved in the pathogenesis of both
ulcerative colitis and cancer. Material
and methods. A
study in
order to
compare the inducing impact of Escherichia lipopolysaccharide
isolated from patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC,
N =38),
Crohn's disease (CD,
N =30)
and colon cancer (CC,
N =38),
on the humoral and cellular (cytokine)
links of
immunity in ulcerative colitis and colon cancer.
From the patients in both study groups and individuals from the
control group E.
coli
were isolated from fecal for obtainining LPS. Synthesis induction
of TNFα, IL.-8 and IL.-10 was conducted by
lipopolysaccharide of own and intact E. coli and isolates from
control persons. Results
and discussion. LPS
isolated from E. coli strains isolated from patients with
different clinical groups showed varying effects on the immune
response. It was established that cytokines are produced to
stimulation by antigens of own microflora more active than by the
intact lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, it is typical for both
proinflammatory and problastomic cytokines. The highest activity
was found in lipopolysaccharide bacteria isolated in patients with
Crohn's disease, for the pathogenesis of which immunopathological
component was proved and which can accordingly cause certain
features of the disease. Trigger
factors for developing reactive arthritis (ReA) microorganisms
with obligate (Chlamydia, some viruses) or optional (Yersinia,
Shigella, mycoplasma, Campylobacteria, salmonella) parasitism are
considered to be. Research of subpopulation spectrum of blood
lymphocytes of 20 persons with ReA was conducted. Slight decrease
in absolute quantity of natural killers was registered. Thus, the
relative index CD16 + 56 + in patients with ReA was 11,8 ±
1,21% to 14,92 ± 1,13 in almost healthy individuals.
However, some activation of suppressor affects the
immune-regulatory index (IRI). Its amount is 1.74, which generally
remains within normal limits, but is 21.8% lower than IRI of
control group. Conclusion.
Research
of subpopulation composition of T- and B-chains of immunity at ReA
to some extent confirm the theory of arthritogenic peptide of the
disease development, according to which in the background of
T-suppressors activation, induced by microbial triggers, a
weakening of cellular immunity occurs, inflammatory reactions with
the emergence of autoimmune background develops, that in case of
involving muscle and bone system leads to ReA development. In the
acute stage of the disease with signs of inflammation it is
appropriate to conduct antimicrobial therapy as with ReA and with
diseases of the colon also, on the basis of microbiological
diagnosis and careful selection of antimicrobial treatment method.
New methods of immunomodulating therapy are developed and
implemented in practice.
Keywords:
ulcerative
colitis, Crohn's disease, colon cancer, immunity, E.
coli
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228-233
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Ïàòîãåíåòè÷íà
õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ³ìóííîãî ñòàòóñó ïðè õðîí³÷íèõ â³ðóñíèõ ãåïàòèòàõ Â
³ ñ ó ä³òåé
Ðèêàëî
Í.
À.
PATHOGENETIC
PROPERTIES OF IMMUNE STATUS AT CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B AND C IN
CHILDREN
Rikalo
N.A.
In
pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) B
and C in
children, there are distinct immune disorders. Purpose: to provide
the pathogenic characterization of parameters of cellular and
humoral immunity in children with CVH B and C, depending on the
phase of viral replication and inflammatory activity. Materials
and methods.
An immunological study of peripheral blood of 50 children with CVH
B and C, aged 1 to 18 years prior to the appointment of a specific
antiviral treatment were conducted. We determined the CD3+, CD4+,
CD8 +, CD16+, CD22+, CD25+ cell’s population and
concentration of IgA, IgM and IgG. Results
and discussion.
The significant decrease of CD3+ (in 10,3 %) and CD4+ (in 22%) in
the phase of viral replication, indicating a persistent shortage
of cellular immunity were established. The increase of CD8+ (in
12,5%) indicate the activation of cytotoxic reactions. In patients
with the virus in the phase of integration or latent stage
population of CD16+ were reduced in 31%, indicating inhibition of
cytotoxic responses aimed at the destruction of virus-infected
cells. The immune disorders in children with CVH B and C from the
phase of viral replication and inflammatory activity in the liver
was proven. Since the phase of replication and the increase of the
activity of inflammation was an increase of CD8+, indicating
activation of cytotoxic reactions and causes progressive
destruction of hepatocytes. Conclusions:
1. The immune disorders in children with CVH B and C in phase of
viral replication are proven. So, there is an increase CD8 +,
which indirectly indicates the activation of cytotoxic reactions
in the phase of viral replication. With the growth of virus
replication activity was significantly intensified the ratio of
CD4+/CD8+. This proves that is situ populations of CD4+ could
positively regulate the activity of CD8+ at CVH B and C. 2. The
increase of the activity of inflammation occurs a significant
increase in CD8+ and CD16+, which on the one hand contribute to
the elimination of the virus from the microorganism, and the other
- causing a progressive lesion of hepatocytes as enhance cytolysis
syndrome are established. 3. Further study of the immune status of
children of different age groups with CVH B and C supplement will
allow immunopathogenesis of the disease, and improve data
pathogenetic therapy of diseases.
Keywords:
chronic
viral hepatitis
B and C,
children, immune disorders.
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234-236
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IDENTIFICATION
OF EFFECTIVE DILUTIONS OF DENTAL HERBAL REMEDY WITH ANTIMICROBIAL
ACTIVITY
Shulga
L.I.
Introduction.
There
are different ways to solve the problem of resistance of
microorganisms. One of them includes an increase of the drug dose,
thereby arising adverse reaction, and the other includes a
development of the new antimicrobial agents, where no less focus
is given to drugs on basis of medicinal plant raw materials owning
to the antimicrobial activity confirmed by scientific researches.
Herbal remedies are included into treatment codes against
infectious and inflammatory dental diseases, however while there
is a persistent growth of mouth inflammatory diseases we have
signals for expediency of new ones to be produced. Our prior
studies deal with developing the tincture conventionally called
Casdent, substantiation of using such three types of pharmacopeia
medicinal
plant raw materials as: licorice roots, sedge cane rootstocks,
burnet rootstocks with its roots. The previously determined
antimicrobial and antifungal activity of Casdent tincture is
insufficient for recommending the use thereof in the therapeutic
dentistry, as the external use provides for an additional dilution
thereof with saliva, crevicular fluids, exudates. The
aim is
to identify the most efficient dilutions of Casdent tincture to
substantiate its reasonable application in dentistry. Materials
and methods.
Target
of examination is Casdent tincture as developed by employees of
the Department of General Pharmacy and Drug Safety of the
Institute of Pharmacy Professionals Qualification Improvement of
the National University of Pharmacy. Control is the herb
preparation: Stomatophyt («Phytopharm
Klenka S.A.»,
Poland). The work is performed at the State Establishment
«Mechnikov
Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of the National
Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine»
through use of museum and clinical strains of microorganisms,
which
daily cultures have been grown on the respective digest media
according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of
Ukraine. The twofold serial dilution method (microbial load has
been determined at 0.5 unit as per McFarland scale) has been used.
The obtained data of survey are statistically processed according
to Student. Results
and discussion. Inhibiting
concentration of Casdent tincture diluted in (1:32) has been
empathized in respect to:
S. epidermidis,
S. pneumoniaå,
B. subtilis
and
candida fungi: C. albicans,
C. catenulata
(C.
rugosa)
Sclar
C-27,
C. albicans
clinical
strain No. 23. For strains: S. aureus,
S. haemolyticus,
S. mutans
clinical
strain No. 45,
E. coli,
P. àeruginosa,
the
minimal inhibiting concentration value corresponds to dilution of
(1:16). Although a similar trend of antimicrobial activity is
ascertained at comparing the antimicrobial effect's values of
Casdent tincture and those of the control: Stomatophyt, the
compared preparation is valid as diluted in (1:32) only in respect
to S. aureus
and C. àlbicans,
and
in respect to other cultures – as diluted in (1:16).
Additional researches of antimicrobial properties of solutions
Casdent and Stomatophyt: (1:10), (1:20) have made it possible to
identity the minimal inhibiting and bactericide concentration
thereof. Based on the level of antimicrobial activity of Casdent
tincture it is determined that it is highly competitive with the
level of the imported preparation: Stomatophyt, and upon
examination of values of bactericide concentration of Casdent
dilutions: (1:20) for S. aureus,
S. pneumoniaå,
B. subtilis,
somehow excels similar dilutions of Stomatophyt. Conclusion.
The
effective solutions of Casdent tincture are identified: 1
teaspoonful (5 ml) of Casdent tincture per 100 ml of water –
for bacterial static effect and 2 teaspoonfuls (10 ml) in the same
volume of water – for bactericide effect. The results of
microbiological examinations testify to prospectivity of the
developed tincture and will be taken into account when issuing the
recommended application thereof in therapeutic dentistry.
Key
words:
tincture, antimicrobial effect, effective dilutions, therapeutic
dentistry.
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237-241
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